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Severe Dehydration Symptoms and How to Avoid Them

Tue, 17 Jun 2025 08:55:56 GMT

Humans need to drink enough water to stay hydrated.

To guarantee that the water they are drinking is clean, many people utilise various water filters. Water alone won't make you rehydrate if you become dehydrated. Here, we'll go through signs of extreme dehydration and ways to prevent getting that dehydrated.

Severe dehydration: What is it?

To function properly, your organs require fluid. When your body loses too much fluid, it becomes dehydrated and is unable to operate normally. Fluid loss can occur due to a number of factors, including inadequate water intake and excessive water loss via sweating, vomiting, diarrhoea, and physical activity.

Your body can draw fluid from other tissues and your blood in times of mild dehydration to tide it over until you consume more liquid. You cannot reabsorb fluid from the blood to support your organs when you are severely dehydrated.

Severe Dehydration Causes.

There are several causes of dehydration that can diminish fluid levels in the body:

Diarrhea and vomiting. They can both cause you to lose an immense amount of water and electrolytes quickly. In these cases, the body is not holding onto much (if any) fluid, and a doctor should be consulted if symptoms persist.
Excessive sweating. This causes you to lose fluid through your skin. In hot, humid areas or as a result of vigorous physical activity, sweating can make you lose more water than you are taking in.
High fevers. A high fever can cause you to become dehydrated. This loss of fluid is compounded if it happens along with diarrhea and vomiting.
Type 1 diabetes. If it is undiagnosed or uncontrolled it may cause you to lose water through increased urination.

Factors at Risk for Serious Dehydration

Anyone who is losing enormous amounts of fluid without drinking extra can become severely dehydrated. Babies, young children, and older adults fall into the risk categories with the highest level of hazard. When this happens, kids might be unable to express their thirst. Infants may experience gastroenteritis episodes in which they are less able to conserve water. Make sure to pay special attention to your friends and family members who fall within these age groups to make sure they stay hydrated.

Other risk factors include:

Mobility issues that inhibit a person’s ability to get water for themselves.
Chronic illnesses that require medication that affects urination, such as uncontrolled diabetes or kidney disease.
Chronic illnesses that decrease awareness of what the body needs, such as dementia.
Those who work or exercise outside when it is hot and humid.

Symptoms of Severe Dehydration

There are many symptoms of severe dehydration, including:

Muscle cramps or contractions in the arms, legs, stomach and back.
Becoming lethargic or unconscious.
Low or unstable blood pressure.
Convulsions.
Bloated stomach.
A sunken soft spot on the head (for dehydrated infants).
Sunken dry eyes, with few or no tears.
Lack of skin elasticity; it looks wrinkled, and when pinched the skin takes more than two seconds to go back where it started.
Rapid and deep breathing.
Lack of urine output (if any, the urine is dark).
Evidence of hypovolaemic shock.

Complications of Severe Dehydration

As the body loses more and more fluid without replenishing it, severe complications may arise:

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke.
Swelling of the brain (cerebral edema).
Seizures (if electrolytes are out of balance).
Low blood volume shock (hypovolemic shock).
Kidney failure.
Heart failure.
Coma.
Death.

Treatment Options

Severe dehydration is a life-threatening issue, and the affected person needs urgent care. Call 911 or take them to the emergency room immediately.

Once the patient sees a doctor, the physician will perform a quick physical exam and take blood and urine samples to make a diagnosis and determine how severe the dehydration is. The doctor will also treat any shock symptoms if present.

Immediate treatment usually involves connecting the patient to an intravenous (IV) saline drip to help the body rehydrate. An IV gets the fluid to your body faster than drinking would. During this time, your medical team will monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and keep an eye on any abnormal kidney function.

The safest way to treat dehydration is to ensure it does not happen in the first place.

Dehydration Prevention Tips

In most cases, severe dehydration is preventable. Here are a few ways to make sure you stay hydrated:

Take in more fluids, especially in cases where you know you are losing water (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating from exercise, you are ill with a fever, etc.).
Eat more foods with high water content (fruits and vegetables).
Track fluid intake for infants, small children and the elderly to ensure they are drinking enough; if they are not, see a doctor right away.
Bring extra water with you if you are going to be out in humid and hot weather.
Get your diabetes under control.
Make sure that water is accessible for those with mobility issues.

Severe dehydration is a serious health concern. Have a rehydration plan to make sure you are drinking enough water (and keep extra with you if you are away from home). Consuming enough fluids throughout the day gives your body the hydration it needs to keep running smoothly.

Ideas For Healthy Meals For Elderly Who Have Lost Their Appetite

Wed, 07 May 2025 13:52:52 GMT

It's typical for people to lose their appetite as they become older for a variety of reasons. Yet, when an elderly person lives alone, a loss of appetite can result in a rapid weight loss, which puts their freedom and independence in danger. Try these tantalising meal suggestions if you're currently providing in-home care for an elderly loved one who has lost their appetite.

Why Do Seniors Lose Their Appetite?

Here are several possible reasons why foods once enjoyed no longer appeal to a senior:

Dentures – Poorly fitting dentures can cause gum discomfort that makes chewing painful. Have the dentist adjust their dentures or replace them with a new set.
Swallowing Difficulties – Some seniors have a swallowing impairment that keeps them from eating as they should.
Sensory Changes – As the aging process continues, it is not uncommon for a senior’s sense of taste and smell to change. As a result, foods once enjoyed are no longer appetizing.
An Illness – Certain types of diseases can diminish appetite, like periodontal disease, cancer, thyroid abnormalities, and Alzheimer’s.
Medications – Some prescription medications can cause side effects including nausea and loss of appetite. Chemotherapy and radiation are notorious for turning patients off to food.
Loneliness and Depression – When an elderly person loses a spouse or becomes socially isolated for another reason, the resulting loneliness and depression can cause a diminished appetite.

Try These Healthy Meal Options

It's time to test some new menu items when a senior's preferences in some of their favourite foods change. Here are some mouthwatering food suggestions they can try while still giving their bodies the daily calories and nutrients they require:

Breakfast

Crockpot oatmeal
Whole-grain pancakes or waffles
Hard-boiled eggs
Greek yogurt parfaits
Toast and peanut butter

Lunch

Pasta dishes that contain fish or chicken
Omelets
Salads with lots of fresh vegetables
Stir-fry dishes

Dinner

Rice and beans
Liver and vegetables
Pasta with chicken or shrimp
Salads containing vegetables and chicken

A crockpot is a practical tool for quickly preparing meals for many days in advance when you're in a rush. For wholesome snacks, you can also prepare fresh fruit and vegetables in advance and keep them in the refrigerator. Provide foods from the fundamental food groups to your elderly loved ones every day to keep their bodies robust and healthy. Consult a qualified dietician if you need more recipes for wholesome meals.

Consider A Meal Service

Notably, when you live far away, another reliable option is arranging for a meal service to deliver some nutritious dishes right to your loved one’s door.

The inability to consume solid food

Try giving your loved one a nutritious smoothie or milkshake that you mix in the blender with ingredients like Greek yoghurt, fresh fruit, milk, ice cream, or protein powder if they have trouble swallowing or chewing. Alternatively you might get them some liquid nutrition pills that are ready to drink. The nutritional and calorie content of a high-protein shake or smoothie is equivalent to that of a small meal. When solid food is not a possibility, pureed meals, nutritious broths, and applesauce also function well.

Hot Weather Safety for Older Adults

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 09:13:01 GMT

All people should avoid excessive heat. Being older or having health issues makes it extremely riskier. When you are hot, you should take precautions and seek help right away. If you don't, you can feel sick or risk contracting a disease brought on by the heat that might be very harmful to your health.

Why is it that elderly persons can be more at risk from extreme weather than younger people? The body may have trouble controlling its temperature on hotter days. For elderly persons who often do not respond to unexpected temperature fluctuations as well as others, this can be difficult. Additionally, older persons are more likely to take prescription medications that influence the body's capacity to regulate temperature or sweat as well as having long-term medical disorders that affect how the body responds to heat.

Illnesses caused by the heat

Numerous health issues can be brought on by prolonged overheating or sun exposure without protection. The following ailments are caused by the heat:

Heat syncope is a sudden dizziness that can happen when you are active in hot weather. If you take a heart medication called a beta blocker or are not acclimated to hot weather, you are even more likely to feel faint. Rest in a cool place, put your legs up, and drink water to make the dizzy feeling go away.
Heat cramps are the painful tightening or spasms of muscles in your stomach, arms, or legs. Cramps can result from hard work or intense exercise. Though your body temperature and pulse usually stay normal during heat cramps, your skin may feel moist and cool. Stop the physical activity you’re doing and rest in the shade or in a cool building. Drink plenty of fluids, such as water and sports drinks containing electrolytes. Do not consume alcohol or caffeinated beverages.
Heat edema is a swelling in your ankles and feet when you get hot. Put your legs up to help reduce swelling. If that doesn’t work fairly quickly, check with your doctor .
Heat rash is a skin irritation from heavy sweating. It causes red clusters of small blisters that look similar to pimples on the skin. Your skin may feel itchy or you may feel “prickly” tingling pain. Keep the infected area dry, use powder to sooth the rash, and stay in cool areas.
Heat exhaustion is a warning that your body can no longer keep itself cool. You might feel thirsty, dizzy, weak, uncoordinated, and nauseated. You may sweat a lot. Your body temperature may stay normal, but your skin may feel cold and clammy. Some people with heat exhaustion have a rapid pulse. Rest in a cool place and get plenty of fluids. If you don’t feel better soon, get medical care. Be cautious because heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke.
Heat stroke is a medical emergency in which the body’s temperature rises above 104°F. Signs of heat stroke are fainting; confusion or acting strangely; not sweating even when it’s hot; dry, flushed skin; strong, rapid pulse; or a slow, weak pulse. When a person has any of these symptoms, they should seek medical help right away and immediately move to a cooler place, such as under shade or indoors. They should also take action to lower their body temperature with cool clothes, a cool bath or shower, and fans.
Sun exposure , also known as sunburn, is a sign of skin damage due to extreme or long exposure. Your skin may appear red and tender, develop blisters, start to peel, and be warm to the touch. Severe reactions may cause fever, chills, nausea, or rash. Prevent sunburn by wearing protective clothing that covers your skin and staying out of direct sunlight. Using a broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher can also help prevent sunburns, but be sure to reapply often. If you are sunburned, wear lightweight clothing, take cool showers, moisturize affected areas, and stay out of the sun so your skin can heal.

What raises the risk of heat-related illnesses for older adults?

Older adults are at higher risk for heat-related illnesses and death. Factors that put older adults at greater risk may include:

Health problems such as cardiovascular, lung , or kidney disease
Changes in skin caused by normal aging
Any illness that causes weakness or results in a fever
Taking drugs such as diuretics, sedatives, tranquilizers, and some heart and high blood pressure medicines that may make it harder for the body to cool itself
Being on several prescription drugs at the same time
Having obesity, overweight, or underweight
Drinking alcoholic beverages
Living in places without air conditioning or fans
Becoming dehydrated

Tips to stay safe in hot weather

Things you can do to lower your risk of heat-related illness:

Drink plenty of liquids, such as water, fruit or vegetable juices, or drinks that contain electrolytes. Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages. If your doctor has told you to limit your liquids, ask what you should do when it is very hot.
If you live in a home without air conditioning or fans, try to keep your space as cool as possible. Limit use of the oven; keep shades, blinds, or curtains closed during the hottest part of the day; and open windows at night.
If your living space is hot, try to spend time during midday in a place that has air conditioning. For example, go to the shopping mall, movies, library, senior center, or a friend’s home. You may also contact your local health department or city to find out if they have air-conditioned shelters in your area.
If you need help getting to a cooler place, ask a friend or relative. Some religious groups, senior centers, and Area Agencies on Aging provide this service. Search the Eldercare Locator to find services in your area. You could also consider taking a taxi or other car service or calling your local government to see if they offer senior transportation. Don’t stand outside in the heat waiting for a bus.
Dress for the weather. Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing. Natural fabrics such as cotton may feel cooler than synthetic fibers.
Avoid outdoor exercising and other physical activity when it is very hot. Instead, try to find someplace you can be active while staying cool indoors.
If you must go outside, try to limit your time out and avoid crowded places. Plan trips during non-rush-hour times.
Make sure to use a broad spectrum sunscreen, SPF 15 or higher, and reapply it throughout the day, especially if your skin will have continuous exposure to the sun. Wear a hat and other protective clothing, and sunglasses. If you do get sunburned, stay out of the sun until your skin is healed and use cool cloths and moisturizers to treat the affected area.
Ask your doctor if any of your medications make you more likely to become overheated or sunburned.

Key points to remember about hot weather safety

Older people can have a tougher time dealing with heat and humidity. The temperature inside or outside does not have to be high to put them at risk for a heat-related illness.

Headache, confusion, dizziness, or nausea could be a sign of a heat-related illness. Go to the doctor or to an emergency room to find out if you need treatment.

To keep heat-related illnesses from becoming a dangerous heat stroke, remember to:

Get out of the sun and into a cool, ideally air-conditioned place.
Drink fluids but avoid alcohol and caffeine.
Shower, bathe, or sponge off with cool water.
Lie down and rest.

8 Surprising Health Benefits of Laughter for Seniors

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 09:53:33 GMT

Long before a baby utters its first word, they have their first laugh. Laughter is a universal language on its own that every age, country, and culture knows and appreciates. But laughter doesn’t just feel good in the moment; there are actually short and long-term health and spiritual benefits of laughter, too.

Laughter Releases Endorphins.

What are endorphins? Endorphins are chemicals that are released from the brain that quickly reduce stress and physical pain. Some people can trigger endorphins through exercise, yoga, or — you guessed it — laughter. Laughing instantly boosts endorphins and, therefore, lowers stress levels.

Laughter Reduces Blood Pressure.

One of the most dangerous side effects of too much stress is that it raises your blood pressure to dangerous levels. However, here’s a positive domino effect: If laughing reduces stress, then your lowered stress level also lowers your blood pressure.

Laughter Helps Fight Depression.

Depression is not a normal part of aging, but it can affect seniors as they transition into a different season of life. But with the release of those endorphins, you can see a decrease in symptoms of depression. Additionally, laughter can help shift your focus from those things that are unpleasant and cause feelings of depression or stress.

Laughter Increases Blood Flow.

When you laugh, you improve the function of your blood vessels, which in turn increases your blood flow. Why is this good? Well, good blood flow can help protect you from a heart attack or other cardiovascular issues .

Laughter Promotes Fitness.

Laughter may not be cardio (however, certain movies make you laugh so much that it feels like it), but laughter still engages almost all of the body’s systems, including all muscles and nerves. This engagement boosts energy and makes you want to move more — not to mention, it gives your abdominal muscles a workout!

Laughter Boosts Your Immune System.

With better blood flow, lower blood pressure, less stress, and more energy, it seems like a no-brainer to say that laughter also boosts your immune system. With regular laughter, some common illnesses that might land a senior in bed for a few days are fought off with a stronger immune system.

Laughter Improves the Memory.

Stress can have a powerful adverse effect on the brain. When the stress hormone cortisol runs rampant, it can eat away at your short term memory function. With laughter, those stress hormones are reduced, which gives your brain time to repair itself from the damage that cortisol does.

Laughter Can Soothe Tension.

With increased blood flow through laughter also comes better circulation. It stands to reason then that with better circulation, your muscles that are experiencing tension will be adequately soothed. This can lead to less pain and better sleep at night.

Different Ways to Get Your Laughter In

Now that you know laughter has lasting physical and mental benefits, you might be looking for some different ways to have a good chuckle and start reaping those benefits. Here are some guaranteed ways to have a good laugh and start releasing those endorphins.

Spend time with family and friends

You’re more likely to laugh when you have other people around, and you’re socializing. Have a small gathering and start talking about some of the good times you’ve all experienced together. Chances are that conversation will inevitably end up in laughter.

Watch a comedy

With Netflix and other convenient streaming services, you now have thousands of comedy titles at your fingertips. Whether you like stand-up comedians or slapstick comedies, your bases are covered. With just a couple of clicks on the remote, you can find something that will tickle your fancy and get you laughing in no time.

Try laughter exercises

You might not be feeling particularly “laughy” one day, but that doesn’t mean you can’t fake it. Laughing exercises, also known as laughing yoga or laughter therapy, are exercises of self-induced laughter that might be “faking it” but have the same health benefits as actual laughter. And who knows? Hearing yourself fake laugh might actually lead you to the real thing.

When the wise man once said that “Laughter is the best medicine,” it turns out they were onto something. With health benefits that stretch from improving cardiovascular health to increasing your short term memory, laughter can improve your body in lots of ways besides just making you feel better.

Paying for homecare - All you need to know

Tue, 15 Apr 2025 12:30:23 GMT

Care services at home aren’t usually free. How much you need to pay for homecare depends on a number of factors, including your income and savings. Find out how to arrange homecare, how much you may have to pay, and what financial support is available.

How do I access homecare ?

If you’re having trouble with everyday tasks such as washing, cooking or getting dressed, ask your local council for a care needs assessment . This works out what would help you stay independent at home for longer. With your permission, your carer, GP, or district nurse can refer you for an assessment on your behalf.

If you’re being discharged from hospital, the staff on your ward can arrange homecare services to make sure you’re safe and properly supported at home, or to help rehabilitate you. A social worker should lead on the planning of your future care and support.

Will the local council pay for my homecare?

If your local council carries out a care needs assessment and agrees that you're eligible for care and support at home, they will do a means test . This will take into account your income and savings. Unless you’re going into a care home, this won’t take into account the value of your property.

Here’s how the means test for social care will look at your income and savings, and how this will affect what you pay for care.

Your capital and what you will have to pay...

Over £23,250

You have to pay your own fees as a 'self-funder'.

Between £14,250 and £23,250

You qualify for financial support from the council and pay a contribution from your income – such as pensions – plus a 'tariff income' based on your capital.

This 'tariff income' is worked out by assuming you have an extra £1 per week in income for every £250 (or part of) you have between £14,250 and £23,250 in capital.

Less than £14,250

The council provides financial support and you will still contribute from your income, but you won't have to pay a tariff income.

Certain types of income, such as money from some disability benefits and pensions, may not be counted in the means test. This also applies to certain types of capital. All other income and capital can be taken into account.

If all your eligible income is taken into account in your means test, you must be left with an income of £01255 421621 per week, if you’re single and above Pension Credit qualifying age. This is known as the Minimum Income Guarantee.

If you’re eligible for financial support to pay for homecare, your local council can arrange homecare services for you. Alternatively, you can choose to receive direct payments and arrange homecare yourself.

How much does it cost to pay for my own homecare?

If you’re paying fees yourself (called self-funding), then you will arrange and pay for your own care, but your local council should provide advice to support you.

Can I get financial support to pay for my homecare?

Make sure you’re claiming all the benefits you’re entitled to.

Attendance Allowance is a benefit for people over State Pension age who need extra help to stay independent at home, due to an illness or disability.
If you’re under State Pension age, you may be eligible for Personal Independence Payment instead
If you have a carer, they could be eligible for Carer’s Allowance .

These benefits aren’t means-tested, so don't take into account your income and savings.

5 methods to lower your risk of diabetes

Mon, 14 Apr 2025 14:50:38 GMT

We are more susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes as we age. There are already 1 in 7 elderly persons who have diabetes, and this figure is expected to climb.

Although no-one completely understands the causes of diabetes, if you control the risk factors, you can reduce your chances of getting it.

1. Lose weight

2. Increase your exercise level

3. Stop smoking

4. Eat healthily

5. Cut back on alcohol

Information about diabetes

In the UK, 4.5 million people are believed to have diabetes. An additional 1.1 million individuals may have diabetes but are undiagnosed.

Type 2 diabetes, the curable kind of the disease, accounts for 9 out of 10 of these cases.

Despite the fact that we do not yet understand the causes, there are a lot of factors that can raise your risk of having type 2 diabetes; thus, by making little changes, you can minimise your risk.

1. Shed pounds

Simply said, losing weight will significantly lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

It's time to consider about reducing back if you are overweight or obese because 80% of persons with diabetes are overweight.

Your waist size is a reliable gauge. You should start considering trimming back if you are more than 31.5 inches (80 cm) for a lady and 37 inches (94 cm) for a guy.

2. Increase your degree of activity

It should go without saying that increasing your exercise time can improve your mood and aid in weight loss.

Exercise can lower your risk of developing by up to 64%, according to research, therefore it is supported by facts.

For advice on some workouts that are suitable for you, consult your doctor.

3. Quit smoking.

Most people are aware of the connection between smoking and cancer, but fewer are aware of the connection between smoking and diabetes.

Smoking has been shown to raise blood pressure, which is known to be a major factor in the development of diabetes.

4. Eat healthily

A diet that is low in fat, sugar and salt and contains a lot of fruit and veg will reduce your cholesterol levels – a simple way to reduce your risk of diabetes.

Studies published in 2009 revealed that eating processed meat ups your risk of diabetes by 40% and more recent research has shown that vegetarians are a third less likely to suffer from heart problems , a stroke or diabetes.

5. Drink less alcohol

Alcohol use might aggravate the circumstances that lead to diabetes.

Because alcohol primarily consists of empty calories, it can raise your chances of gaining weight. For instance, a pint of beer can be compared to a bar of chocolate.

As a side consequence of diabetes, chronic pancreatitis is one ailment that can result from heavy drinking.

There is nothing wrong with a little alcohol used in moderation, but excessive alcohol consumption can most definitely increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

What next?

Get checked out: Type 2 diabetes is, by and large, a condition that affects people over the age of 40, so it’s important to get a check up from your doctor.

They can advise what sort of risk you have and what action, if any, you should take.

What is the flu and the jab?

Tue, 03 Dec 2024 09:43:16 GMT

Getting your flu vaccination is a very important way to help protect your health during the winter – and if you're 65 or over you can get it for free.

What is the flu?

The flu is an illness that affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat and lungs. It's caused by the influenza virus and it's very contagious.

It's in season from October through to March, and you can still catch it even if the weather's mild.

What are the symptoms of the flu?

Symptoms of the flu can include:

a fever
a dry cough
sore throat
headache
muscle aches
feeling sick and being sick
diarrhoea
feeling very tired.

How can I treat the flu?

As the flu is a virus, antibiotics won’t help with flu symptoms or recovery.

To help you get better you should drink plenty of water, rest as much as possible and try to keep warm. Taking ibuprofen and paracetamol can help ease some of the symptoms – but always remember to check if you're able to take certain medications.

How can I stop myself catching the flu?

Influenza is a very infectious virus. To reduce the risk of spreading it make sure you wash your hands often, use tissues whenever you cough or sneeze and throw away used tissues as quickly as possible.

There's a vaccine available for those who are at a higher risk of the flu.

Even if it's a mild winter, flu is in season, so it's important to have an annual free flu jab if you're eligible. This helps protect you and any person you care for.

Who can get the free flu jab?

You can get a free flu jab from your GP or pharmacist if any of the below apply:

you're aged 65 or over
you live in residential care or another long-stay care facility
you receive Carer's Allowance
you provide care for an older or disabled person
you live in the same household as someone who is immunocompromised
you're under 65 and have certain health conditions – a full list can be found on the NHS website .
you're pregnant.

If you're a frontline worker in the NHS, the NHS will pay for your vaccination.

If you work in social care, your employer should organise and pay for your vaccine. If your employer doesn't offer the vaccine and you work for either a registered residential care or nursing home, a registered home care organisation or a hospice, you should be able to have a free vaccine at your GP surgery or pharmacy.

You should be able to get a free flu jab from your GP or pharmacist if you provide health or social care through Direct Payments (personal budgets) or Personal Health Budgets (such as Personal Assistants) or both. Speak to your GP or pharmacist if you think you could be eligible.

When should I have the flu jab?

For 2024, most surgeries and pharmacies will start to offer the jab from the from 3 October. This is a bit later than in previous years.

It takes up to 14 days for the vaccine to take effect, so it's better to have it as early as possible. Care home residents and those most at risk getting will typically be offered their jabs first.

However, the flu season lasts until the end of March, so it's well worth protecting yourself up until then.

Where can I get my flu jab?

You can have your flu jab at your GP surgery or a local pharmacy offering the service. It's up to you where you go.

Do I need to get my coronavirus booster and my flu jab?

If you've been invited to get your coronavirus booster jab, it's important to get it as well as your flu jab if you're eligible. Getting both is important as they protect you against different viruses and can help you avoid becoming seriously ill during winter.

All those eligible for an autumn booster dose should be offered one at least 3 months after their previous coronavirus vaccination.

While you may be contacted about your flu jab, you can also book it at any time and you may choose to book it at your local pharmacy.

You may be offered both the flu jab and the coronavirus booster vaccination at the same time. This is perfectly safe and can be more convenient for you.

If you have any questions about either vaccine you should speak to your GP or pharmacist.

Keeping warm and well in colder months

Tue, 27 Aug 2024 10:13:12 GMT

Being warm throughout the winter is especially crucial as we age because our bodies change and we become more susceptible to the effects of cold weather and winter pests. Fortunately, there are steps you may do to ensure your health and warmth.

Keep moving

A little bit of activity now and then is a great way to help you keep warm, as well as help you maintain strength and mobility. So try not to sit still for more than an hour at a time.

There's no one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to keeping moving, so it's important you do something that feels right – and safe – for you.

Eat well

It can sometimes be difficult to keep up the motivation to prepare meals. But it's good to try and keep to a routine where you can. Hot food and drinks can help you to keep warm, so try to have one hot meal a day and as many hot drinks as you can.

Try to have a range of foods in your diet and try to eat fruit and vegetables each day – frozen and tinned vegetables can be just as good as fresh. It's also a good idea to keep your cupboards stocked with some basics just in case you can't get out to the shops – whether due to illness or bad weather.

The main thing to remember is that it's better to eat a bit of what you fancy than to eat nothing – even if it's just a slice of cake.

If you've recently lost weight without meaning to, or if you have a smaller appetite than usual, visit the Malnutrition Task Force to find out why this might be and what might help.

Get your winter vaccinations

Respiratory viruses are more widespread in winter, so it's especially important to get your vaccinations. Vaccinations are particularly important this winter as flu and coronavirus levels are expected to rise.

You're entitled to a free flu jab from the doctor or pharmacist if you:

are aged 65 or over
care for someone, such as a friend or family member
are under 65 and have a serious long-term health condition
live in the same house as someone who is immunocompromised
are in long-stay residential care.

When you get your flu jab, check if you're also eligible for the pneumo vaccine, which helps protect you from pneumonia, and the Shingles vaccine.

Make sure your home is warm enough

Try to heat your home to a steady and comfortable temperature throughout the day in the rooms you use most, such as the living room and bedroom – usually around 18°C (64°F) is ideal. If there are rooms you don't use, like a spare bedroom, turn off the radiators in that room and close the doors. This will help you save on energy costs while keeping warm in winter.

At dusk, close all the curtains and keep the windows closed to help keep heat in when the weather's at its coldest.

If you have wood or laminate floors, you may want to consider putting rugs down to insulate your home.

Stop the spread of germs

As well as getting vaccinated, there are some other simple measures we can take to reduce the spread of illness. Regularly washing your hands with soap and water is one of the best ways to stop germs from spreading.

You can also:

catch coughs and sneezes in a tissue
choose to wear a face covering in busy indoor spaces, like shops
leave windows ajar to let fresh air circulate when meeting people indoors
avoid close contact with people who are unwell.

Wrap up well

Wearing plenty of layers is the best way to keep warm in winter. If you're heading out, make sure you take some extra layers – even if you don’t need them immediately. It's a good idea to be prepared because the temperature can drop significantly when the sun goes in.

Wearing several thin layers will keep you warmer than wearing one thick layer, as layers trap warm air between them.

Stay stocked up

It's a good idea to make sure you're prepared – winter weather can be unpredictable and can stop you from getting out and about.

Think about stocking up on cold and sore throat remedies as well as food, in case it's harder to leave the house. Your pharmacist can give you advice on what might help if you're feeling under the weather. You might also want to get big bottle of water in case the water supply is interrupted.

It can also help to keep a list of important contacts, such as loved ones or emergency numbers, by the phone in case you need them.

Be aware of your heart and circulation

The cold can increase the risk of a stroke or heart attack, as well as hypothermia. If you think you or someone else is experiencing any of these symptoms, call 999 (or 112 from a mobile) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

For a stroke, think FAST :

F – Is the face drooping on one side?

A – Can the person raise both arms and keep them there?

S – Is speech slurred?

T – Time to call 999 if you spot any one of these signs.

Take extra care when out and about

It's important to be careful when out and about. In the autumn, fallen leaves and rain can make the ground very slippery. And in winter, ice and slow can seriously increase your risk of falls.

You might find that shoes with non-slip soles are helpful :)

Looking after your thinking skills

Tue, 20 Aug 2024 10:24:17 GMT

We all want to stay healthy and active in later life, so we must keep fit mentally as well as physically. Increasingly, we’re learning what we can do to keep our thinking skills sharp as we age.

When it comes to keeping our minds sharp, some of the advice can be confusing or contradictory. From fish oils to physical activity, from B vitamins to brain training, open the newspaper and it’s easy to find claims on what helps and what harms.

But which claims can we trust? What do we reliably know about what will help us stay sharp as we age?

What does the science say about protecting your thinking skills?

We know that our thinking skills change very gradually throughout our lives. Most of us lose a little of some of them and this doesn’t usually affect independence or quality of life. But differences between us mean that some people’s thinking skills improve over their lives, and some experience greater degrees of decline.
Research is looking at a wide range of factors that might be involved in healthy ageing of our thinking skills, or that increase the risk of more serious decline.
Many of these studies are on factors that we can influence ourselves. Evidence suggests, for example, that taking exercise and engaging in new activities are linked with better thinking skills in later life.
Some lifestyle choices increase the risk of more decline. This includes smoking. In addition, some health conditions are now known to be associated with more decline, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Why small changes can make a big difference

The evidence indicates that we can help ourselves to stay sharp as we grow older. It also tells us to take a range of steps because no one single factor is a ‘magic bullet’.

Rather, each of the factors associated with healthy cognitive ageing has an effect and these effects are thought to add up to help protect our thinking skills as we age. And we need to avoid the harmful factors.

Overall, evidence so far bears out the saying ‘healthy body, healthy mind’.

The things we would do to keep our body fit and healthy are also associated with staying mentally sharp in later life.

What can you do to stay sharp?

Here are practical things that we can do to help stay sharp in later life.

1. Keep active

Get moving throughout the day and do physical exercises and activities that you enjoy – or try new ones. An active lifestyle and regular exercise are linked to healthier brains and sharper thinking skills in later life.

2. Don’t smoke

If you smoke, it’s best to stop. Smoking is linked with having a thinner cortex, the brain’s outer layer that is crucial for thinking skills. When you stop smoking, some reversal of this damage may be possible, but this can be very slow so it’s better to stop sooner rather than later.

About the NHS Stop Smoking service

3. Have regular check-ups

Have check-ups with your doctor to see if you have high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes. These conditions are associated with higher risk of decline in thinking skills, particularly from middle-age.

4. Eat a healthy diet

Eat a diet high in fruit, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, beans and cereals; moderate in fish, dairy products and wine; and limited in red meat and poultry. This Mediterranean-style diet is linked to better brain health.

5. Maintain a healthy weight

Manage your weight through healthy eating and physical activity. Being overweight may be a risk factor for accelerated decline in thinking skills. A healthy weight is better for physical health too.

Use the NHS Choices BMI calculator to check if your weight is within a healthy range

6. Take up a new activity

Take up activities or hobbies you haven’t done before. New activities might help improve thinking skills in later life as they challenge us in new ways. If you do activities in a group, the increased social interaction may play a role too.

7. Look after your sleep

Aim for an average of seven to eight hours sleep a day as this amount is related to better brain and physical health in older age. Try to get most of it at night, with only short daytime naps.

8. Learn another language

Learn and practise a language new to you. Learning and using more than one language is linked with better thinking skills in later life. And it’s never too late to start – if anything, the benefits of speaking multiple languages might increase with age.

With thanks for this page to scientists in the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology.

Top tips for a more comfortable home

Mon, 08 Apr 2024 09:07:02 GMT

It is helpful to know what kinds of adjustments you could make to your home, whether you need to do so right now or are just planning forward. It must function for you because, after all, it is your home.

Getting in and out of your home
A hand rail or ramp could help if there are steps up to your front door. Think about adding an outdoor light to help you make your way inside when it’s dark. Position it so that when the light is triggered it won’t disturb your sleep or annoy your neighbours.

Answering the door
If it’s difficult to get to the front door, think about installing a system that lets you speak to visitors and manage who you let in. You could get:

a door-entry intercom so you can find out who’s there
an easy-to-fit wireless doorbell that comes with an entry phone you can keep near your chair
a video entry phone so you can see who is at the door – some video entry phones allow you to press a button to open the door from where you’re sitting.

A police-approved key safe, where your door key is held in a secure box by the front door, is a good option if you want friends, relatives or carers to be able to let themselves in.

Many DIY shops and high-street retailers stock wireless doorbells and key safes. You could ask a family member, handyperson or Home Improvement Agency to fit them for you.

Moving around your home
Make sure your home is well lit. Think about getting motion-sensor lights installed that switch on automatically when you get out of bed or enter a room.

Widening door frames or changing the direction your doors open can help you get about – particularly if you use a wheelchair.

If you find you need a lot more room or want to keep all your essential facilities (like the toilet or shower) on one floor, extending your home might be an option. Talk to a qualified surveyor or architect.

Stairs
An extra banister rail or a stairlift can make getting up and down the stairs easier. Depending on the size and layout of your home, it might be possible to install a through-floor wheelchair lift.

Getting up and dressed

If you find it difficult to get into bed or out of a chair, you can have raisers fitted to make them higher so you’re not bending as far. You can also get powered riser-recliner chairs and specialist beds that raise you into a position where it’s easier to stand, or lower you to sit or lie down.

Easy-reach grabbers can help you pick up items, and a long-handled shoehorn might come in handy for putting on your shoes.

In the bathroom

Think about making some changes to your bathroom suite. ‘Hands-free’ toilets have automatic washing and drying functions that operate while you’re seated. Battery-powered bath lifts support your weight as you get in and out of the bath, while baths with a side opening mean you don’t have to climb over the side. Swapping your bath for a ‘wet room’ style shower means you can walk straight in.

Worried about overfilling the bath or sink? A special safety plug that only allows water to reach a certain level, or a flood detector that alerts a monitoring centre if the bath or sink starts to overflow, might be helpful.

You can also get long-handled sponges or foot-cleaning bath mats to save you bending down.

In the kitchen

Think about how you use your kitchen and what would make life easier for you.

If you need a bit of help while cooking or making a hot drink, try:

a perching stool which supports you in a near-standing position
a kettle tipper to help you tilt the kettle
a spike board which lets you cut or peel vegetables one-handed.

If you find picking up, opening or moving things in the kitchen difficult, try:

wide-handled cutlery
high-rimmed plates and two-handled cups
assistive tin, bottle and jar openers
a sturdy trolley to support mobility and help you move food and drink from room to room.

If you have sight problems

Try putting coloured tape on the edges of stairs and other borders to make your home easier to navigate.

Trailing wires, loose carpets, broken handrails or general clutter can be a hazard if you have problems with your vision. If you need help with repairs or removing risks in your home contact a Home Improvement Agency or a handyperson service.

If you have hearing problems

Make sure you’re safe in an emergency. Smoke alarms are essential – wireless smoke alarms are connected by radio signals so if one goes off they all do, or you can get ones that use vibrating pads to get your attention. For expert advice on alarms, contact your local Fire and Rescue service.

Keep in touch with a voice-based or text-based phone. You can also get a sounder beacon installed which flashes and makes loud signals when a phone or any sensor is activated.

If you have memory problems

Use an item locator so you can easily find things such as your keys or purse. You attach small tags to the things you want to be able to find. If you lose them, you press a button on the locator and the tag will beep and flash to help you find the missing item.

Should my parent be living alone with dementia?

Thu, 21 Mar 2024 10:54:44 GMT

Can my parent live alone with Dementia? Do we need Home Care?

A dementia diagnosis for a parent or loved one can be an unsettling experience, triggering a wave of questions and concerns about the road ahead. It’s natural to feel a mix of emotions and to want to provide the best possible care, especially if your parent lives alone. To navigate this journey effectively, it’s crucial to understand how dementia affects individuals, how it progresses over time, and when it may become necessary to consider home care.

Your initial instincts are driven by a deep desire to offer care and protection to your parent, and that’s commendable. However, it’s equally important to be well-informed about how to care for a parent with dementia at home. Understanding the care options available is a key part of this process. Engaging in open discussions with your parent or loved one about their preferences and life choices is vital to ensure their wishes are respected and their needs are met.

Together, you can craft a personalised care plan that aligns with their unique requirements, offering much-needed reassurance to everyone involved. The goal is to provide the best possible support while maintaining their comfort and dignity throughout their journey with dementia.

How Dementia Progresses: Understanding the Stages

Dementia is a condition that unfolds gradually, with distinct stages that bring about various challenges for both individuals and their caregivers. Understanding how dementia progresses can help you plan for the care and support needed at each stage of the journey.

Early-Stage Dementia: The Beginning

In the early stages, dementia symptoms are relatively mild. Individuals often maintain their ability to drive, work, and participate in community activities without specialised care. However, it’s essential to be aware of early signs, as highlighted by Dementia UK:

Mild concentration and memory problems
Difficulty tracking and responding to conversations
Challenges in planning, problem-solving, and decision-making
Occasional disorientation, including getting lost or misplacing items
Low moods and feelings of anxiety
The Middle Stage: Navigating New Realities

As dementia progresses into the middle stage, daily tasks like cooking and cleaning can become more challenging. This is when the need for care options becomes evident, as symptoms become increasingly noticeable. Despite the changes, it’s possible for your loved one to continue leading a fulfilling life with the right care and support, which also enhances safety and security.

Tasks involving higher risk, such as meal preparation and medication management, often require additional support to ensure your loved one’s safety. Middle-stage dementia may also manifest in behavioural changes, including difficulty sleeping, restlessness, and mood swings. Importantly, caring for someone with dementia at home during this stage can be less confusing for them, as they remain in the comfort of their familiar surroundings.

By understanding the progression of dementia, you can make informed decisions about the care and support needed to enhance the quality of life for your loved one throughout their journey with this condition.

How Dementia Caregivers Make a Difference

As dementia progresses, caregivers play a crucial role in providing the right support for your loved one. Their expertise ensures that the dementia care plan remains flexible, adapting to your parent’s evolving needs. Caregivers perform thorough risk assessments to guarantee your loved one’s safety during various activities while offering the essential companionship and homecare services that enhance their quality of life.

Recognising When Live-In Care is Necessary

Determining when a person with dementia should stop living alone is a vital step in ensuring their safety and well-being. Typically, it’s during the later stages of this condition that live-in care may become a necessity.

Learn More About Our Dementia Care Services

If your parent has recently received a dementia diagnosis, we’re here to provide the help and support you both need during this challenging time.

To explore our comprehensive Dementia Care services , don’t hesitate to reach out to Distinguished today.

We are committed to offering compassionate and professional care to enhance the well-being of your loved one on their dementia journey.

How to make a home dementia friendly

Tue, 12 Mar 2024 10:51:22 GMT

When you are dealing with an early dementia diagnosis for yourself or a person you live with or care for, there are many things to consider. How to manage the home and make it as dementia friendly as possible is one of those – we understand how scary and upsetting dealing with a dementia diagnosis can be, so we have put together our top tips for keeping the home safe, accessible and dementia friendly.

Good lighting

Good lighting in the home is beneficial for those who have dementia as it can help avoid disorientation and reduce the risk of trips and falls. Lighting should be used to reduce shadows, glare and reflections. Natural lighting should be used where possible and maximised by removing any window nets, any restrictive hedges or trees outside and by keeping the curtains open during the day. Good lighting, natural or artificial, should be present in the bathroom, high traffic areas and on stairs for the best visibility.

Flooring

Consider removing any mats or rugs on the floor around the home as people with dementia may think that a rug is an object and they need to step over it. The movement of avoiding mats and rugs could end up leading to falls and trips around the home. Reflective or shiny flooring could also be disorientating because it could come off as being wet, so again they may try to walk over it and harm themselves. Good flooring options would be in a colour that contrasts with the walls and with a matte finish. Also, try to avoid real-life representative colours such as blue for water and green for grass.

Colours

For those with dementia, it can be more difficult to tell the difference between colours. Try to select contrasting colours for floors and walls as well as bright furniture and bold colours that contrast further with the floors and walls. Consider changing the colours of items like the toilet seat, bannisters, doors and crockery to contrast with their surrounding colours. This will help them distinctively see the difference between the items or areas of their home, so they are less likely to get confused.

Do consider the use of bold patterns however as sometimes these can be confusing and disorientating – don’t go overboard on patterns!

Signage

Adding signs and labels around the home for someone with dementia is a very helpful way for them to easily find their way around their house, what is in their cupboards / behind doors also what a certain switch does. When you are making labels for the home, make sure they are clear and bold, include visual pictures of what they represent and are placed in a lower position than usual because the elderly often look downwards.

Reflections

If there are lots of mirrors around the home, take time to consider whether they are completely necessary. Mirrors can cause confusion with those that have dementia – they may become distressed if they don’t recognise themselves in the reflection, as well as the reflection of the room. Remove any unnecessary mirrors or cover them when you are unable to remove them. It can also be beneficial to close curtains at night to avoid window reflection.

Assistive technology

There’s a range of technology devices that are specifically designed to help those with dementia. Examples of these could include telephones with very large buttons, devices that offer audio reminders like “check the door is locked” or LCD clocks showing time and date. Smartphones and tablets also offer specific apps and settings that are designed for those with dementia so they can play games and navigate their way around the phone with ease.

What pension options do I have?

Thu, 07 Mar 2024 11:11:35 GMT

Following your retirement, you must make a decision about the use of the funds you contributed to a defined contribution pension plan during your working years.

What is a pension pot?

Your pension pot is the total amount of pension contributions that you and your employer have made to save for your retirement. Your pot also includes any capital growth earned from the fund’s investments, depending on how your scheme was set up.

Your pension pot doesn’t include your State Pension. This is provided by the government.

Your fund should send you a pension statement once a year that tells you how much your pension pot is worth, or there may be an option to check this on their website.

If you’ve made pension contributions into multiple different pension schemes then you’ll need to contact each fund separately for a statement.

When can I withdraw money from my pension pot?

You must have reached a certain minimum pension age to access your pension pot – this is usually 55 years.

You may be able to withdraw your pension earlier if you’re disabled or seriously unwell, but the rules depend on your pension scheme.

How can I use my pension pot?

It's completely up to you how you choose to use your pension pot, based on what best suits your needs. Each option comes with its own set of rules, fees, benefits, risks and tax issues.

Deciding what to do with your pension pot can be complicated – there are many factors to consider and financial terms to understand.

You don’t have to rush into anything. It's a good idea to take some time to consider all of your options so that you don't end up in a situation where you’re unable to use your pension pot money, or the money has run out. Think about your:

lifestyle
partner or family
age
long-term health and life expectancy
current and future care needs
other sources of income.

Not all pension schemes and providers will offer every option. Talk to your pension fund provider to find out what’s available. Your options may include:

doing nothing – leave your money invested in your pension scheme
withdrawing some or all of your pension pot as a cash lump sum
buying an annuity
investing part or all of your pension onto the stock market (this is known as 'income drawdown')
a mix of these options, depending on the size of your pension pot.

What do I need to consider with cash withdrawals or lump sums?

You could close your pension pot and take the whole amount as cash in one go if you wish – this is called a lump sum. Or you could treat your pension pot like a bank account and make several withdrawals when you need to.

There are some things you should bear in mind before taking out a cash withdrawal or a lump sum, such as:

not all pension providers can handle cash withdrawals
there may be high fees or charges for each withdrawal
there may be high tax charges because only 25% of each withdrawal (or of your lump sum) is tax-free – the remaining amount is taxable and this may push you into a higher tax bracket
there may be a maximum limit on the number of times you can make cash withdrawals.

What do I need to consider with annuities?

An annuity converts your pot into an annual pension, giving you a guaranteed income for life or a specified period.

Regardless of your pension provider, you can buy your annuity from any provider you wish.

It's important to shop around and get personalised quotes from a few providers to make sure you’re getting the best deal.

There are some things to bear in mind for annuities, such as:

once you’ve purchased an annuity and decided on the income you wish to receive, you can’t change your mind and switch to another plan or provider
the annuity may not be flexible (for example, you may not be able to increase your income in future because of the increased cost of living)
some providers require a minimum amount to purchase their annuity
annuity rates can decrease or increase based on the stock market or economy.

What do I need to consider with income drawdown schemes?

In a drawdown scheme, you transfer some or all of your pension pot into a scheme, which is then invested in the stock market. You can draw income from your investment and there are no restrictions on the amount you can take.

There are some things to bear in mind for income drawdown, such as:

fees may be expensive
your income isn’t a guaranteed amount
without a maximum limit on how much you can withdraw annually, you could run out of money
your investment can decrease or increase based on the stock market or economy.

Will taking money from my pension pot affect my benefits?

How you use your pension pot can affect any benefits you currently receive or your eligibility to claim a benefit in the future. This is because withdrawals or investments may be counted as income or capital, which may affect means-tested benefits.

Means-tested benefits include:

Pension Credit
Housing Benefit
Council Tax Support
Income Support
Income-based Jobseeker's Allowance
Income-related Employment and Support Allowance

Everything you need to know about making a will

Tue, 05 Mar 2024 11:06:47 GMT

The only way to ensure that your investments, money, and other assets—collectively referred to as your estate—go to the people and causes you value most is to create a will.

How do I value my estate?

Your will should cover your whole estate, so it's a good idea to draw up a list of your assets and debts. Then you have a clear idea of how much it's worth, which can help you decide how to distribute it.

Assets that typically make up an estate include:

any property you own (in the UK or abroad)
savings in banks, building societies or elsewhere (Premium Bonds, for instance)
insurance such as life assurance or an endowment policy
pension funds that include a lump sum payment on death
investments such as stocks and shares or investment trusts
vehicles
jewellery, antiques and other valuable personal belongings
furniture and other house contents.

Debts might include:

a mortgage or equity release
a credit card balance
a bank overdraft
loans.

It's a good idea to get assets valued regularly. The price of your house, for instance, might have changed substantially since you last checked.

How do I divide my estate?

Your will needs to state clearly how you want your estate to be distributed, and who should be responsible for distributing it. Think about:

who you want to benefit from your will
whether you want to give any specific gifts to particular people
where the 'residue' of the estate is to go (any property or money left over after paying funeral and administrative expenses, legacies and taxes)
what you want to happen if any of your beneficiaries should die before you
whether you want to leave any money to charity.

Executors are legally responsible for dealing with someone's estate after their death. It can involve a lot of work and responsibility, so it's important to choose your executor (or executors) carefully.

When you're choosing who to appoint, you should talk to them to check they understand what's involved and that they're happy to do it.

How do I write my will?

There are a few different ways you can write your will:

It’s usually best to get advice from a lawyer (such as a solicitor or chartered legal executive). You might want to choose one who specialises in wills and probate. Check they're licensed with the relevant professional body, such as the Solicitors Regulation Authority.
Some charities and campaigns offer free will-writing services to encourage people to make wills and leave charitable legacies.
Some banks offer will-writing services and advice about estate planning. An adviser at your local branch can explain what's on offer. Some banks charge high fees for these services – so it's important to read any small print carefully.

It's possible to use a professional will writer to make your will, but they aren't qualified solicitors and may not be regulated – so if you decide to use one, first check whether they're a member of the Institute of Professional Willwriters or the Society of Will Writers.

You can also make your own will , but it's easy to make mistakes or miss out important details. While it might seem like the best option now, it could cause costly legal problems for your executors and beneficiaries further down the line, so it's normally better to get professional advice.

How do I make sure my will is valid?

For a will to be valid:

it must be signed by you and witnessed by 2 people
you must have mental capacity to make the will and understand the consequences of making it
you must have made the will voluntarily and without pressure from anyone else.

The beginning of the will should state that it revokes all others. If you have an earlier will, you should destroy it. The government advises burning it safely or tearing it up.

Signing and witnessing the will

You must sign your will in the presence of 2 independent witnesses, who must also sign it in your presence – so all 3 people should be in the room together when each one signs. If the will is signed incorrectly, it isn't valid.

If you can’t sign your will, it can be signed on your behalf as long as you’re in the room and it's signed at your direction. Any will signed on your behalf must contain a clause saying you understood the contents of the will before it was signed.

If you have a serious illness or dementia diagnosis, you can still make a will – but you need to have mental capacity for it to be valid. Your solicitor should make sure of this, and you may need a medical practitioner’s statement at the time the will is signed, certifying that you understand what you're signing.

Where should I store my will?

You can leave your will with a solicitor or bank or with the Probate Service. Alternatively, you can store it safely at home.

Find your local Probate Service using the directory on GOV.UK

You must let your executors know where your will is kept. It's important not to attach any documents to the will with paperclips or staples – if they detach and leave marks it'll raise questions about whether the will is missing any parts or amendments.

How do I update my will?

You should review your will every 5 years or after a major change in your life – such as the birth of a new grandchild or moving house. But it's important you never make alterations to the original document.

If you want to make a minor change to your will, you can add a supplement, known as a codicil . This must be signed and witnessed in the same way as the will – although the witnesses don’t have to be the same as the original ones.

If you want to make a major change, you should make a new will and cancel your old one.

Do I need to change my will if I get remarried or divorced?

If you marry, remarry or enter a civil partnership, this cancels a previously existing will. Divorce doesn’t automatically invalidate a will made during the marriage – but it does exclude your ex-spouse or ex-civil partner from benefitting if they're mentioned.

You should arrange to make a new will if you marry, separate or divorce.

What happens if I don’t make a will?

If you don’t make a will, you're said to have died intestate – and your estate may not go to the people you want.

If you have a partner and you aren't married or in a civil partnership, they have no automatic right to inherit from you if you haven't made a will – even if you've lived together for a long time or have children.

Intestacy rules state that:

If you're survived by a spouse or civil partner and children, your spouse or civil partner will inherit all your personal possessions and at least the first £270,000 of your estate, plus half of anything above this amount. Your children are then entitled to the other half of this balance.
If you're survived by a spouse or civil partner but don’t have children, your spouse or civil partner will inherit your whole estate, including any personal possessions.
If you're survived by children but not a spouse or civil partner, your children will inherit everything, divided equally between them.
If you don't have a spouse, civil partner or children, then other relatives inherit in a set order.
If you have no surviving relatives who can inherit, your estate will pass to the Crown.

The Pleasure of Growing Older: Why and How to Accept the Process

Tue, 23 Jan 2024 11:19:22 GMT

Growing older is a linear process, but ageing is not; you may make the most of your "golden years" if you adopt healthy habits and have the correct mindset.

We eventually reach a point in life when it becomes more difficult to commemorate the years we had. We regretfully glance at the calendar, realising every day that our youth is officially behind us and that our faces don't resemble those of ten or twenty years ago. However, growing older is a process we should be excited to go through rather than one we should wish away! What makes so many of us lie about our age when questioned, or not jump up and down when we reach a significant birthday?

Our society has a tendency to discard its elders quickly.

Studies have shown that many seniors hold stereotypes about the elderly that aren’t very kind. They’re viewed as slower, potentially senile, and less attractive than their younger counterparts. These stereotypes can be largely attributed to the media that surrounds us every day. Seniors are consistently under-represented in TV and film, which gives off the impression that their lives and their stories are not relatable or worth being the main topic of conversation. We’re constantly bombarded with ads and media telling us that the only way to be attractive is to be young — that if you want to be of value to society, then you need to hold onto your youth for as long as you possibly can. (Note that this is particularly the case in western cultures; in many eastern cultures, elders are revered and respected for their wisdom and experience.)

This pressure is especially strong for women, since make-up and cosmetic brands are at the heart of these messages. None of us can turn back the hands of time, no matter how much money we have to spend on the youth serums being marketed to us, or how much we’re being told that we need to.

I remember, growing up, that my grandmother would obsess over finding that one magic cream that would help her get rid of the lines that time put on her face. And I would also watch as she constantly hassled my grandfather about keeping his hair dyed, as if walking around with a man who has grey hair was as embarrassing as if she had it herself. I remember thinking that she must be building an insecurity in him that he didn’t inherently have, just to assuage her own. She wasn’t doing it to be cruel, though. She just wanted to make sure that she and my grandfather were always presenting the best version of themselves — i.e. the youngest version of themselves.

How can we not feel unwanted and undervalued when we’re constantly being given a challenge that we will inevitably fail, both from society and the people who love us the most?

This is why it’s so important that we help to switch this narrative and remind people that getting older is an amazing thing!

Whenever the conversation comes up about learning to value the elders in our society, we always bring up the fact that they have years and years of wisdom that they’ve acquired over time. But it’s also important to appreciate the beauty that they possess, listen to the opinions and thoughts that they have to contribute, and receive the love that they have to give. Older people are not disposable, and we definitely should not fear becoming them or obsess over trying to hide the evidence of aging.

Spoiler alert: These are the best years of our lives!

While old age does bring some unwelcome physical and cognitive changes, it also brings a self-confidence that most young adults can only dream of. Social cues become easier for you to read, which makes you a better companion to your friends and family. The golden years of emotion are in your 60s and 70s, which means if you’re younger than that, then your happiest days are yet to come. And you become more assured about who you are and what your place is in the world as you age, which means you’re not always worried about how others perceive you.

When I was younger, I worked so hard to be accepted by everyone. I would spend hours perfecting my hair and make-up before leaving the house and I was somewhat obsessed with how people were perceiving my interactions with them — was I coming off as friendly? Am I being too rude? Is this person going to like me after this? It was as if I was trying to solidify my place in society by gaining acceptance from the outside world. Now that I’m well into my 40s, I am much surer of the worth that I bring to this world, and I’m not as concerned with whether other people are able to see that or not. This is what they forget to tell you when the topic of aging comes up. Your mind is less consumed by what others are thinking and is better able to focus on your own thoughts and feelings, which makes it easier to fall in love with yourself.

Taking care of yourself is the key to gaining access to this self-love.

While it’s nice to know that life gets a little sweeter as you get older, it’s important to note that this doesn’t come without a lot of hard work.

If you want to have the confidence later in life, then you have to spend a lot of time learning who you are, finding out what you love about yourself, and taking care of your physical and mental health.

One of the best ways to learn who you are — and my personal favourite thing to do — is to keep a journal and write down your thoughts every day. Not only will this allow you to let out some of the stress that you may be carrying around day-to-day, but you also become attuned to how your brain processes information and emotions. If you feel like you don’t really have enough thoughts and insight to write down every day, try to find an interactive journal that gives you prompts on what to write about. The journey to self-discovery is a long one, but it’s one that only gets better with age.

You should also get in the habit of taking care of your physical body as well. Self-love means that you’re doing everything you can to take care of yourself. Giving your body the proper nutrients to age in a healthy way is a crucial step in feeling good once you’re older. Although it’s easy to develop poor eating habits in our busy, younger years, the sooner we start the better we’re going to feel as time goes on. If you’ve already developed these bad habits, look into joining a helpful weight-loss program that teaches you how to make healthier food choices. The more time and effort you put into loving yourself, the happier you will be when your body goes through the natural aging process.

There’s no avoiding getting older, so you might as well embrace it.

The absolute best way to make aging a pleasant process for you is to embrace the changes that will inevitably come with it. Don’t let yourself be afraid of the stereotypes that people often associate with seniors, but rather be happy that you’ve lived long enough to see all that life has to offer. Avoid comparing your physicality to yourself as a younger man/woman; instead, enjoy different, less strenuous activities that challenge you in new ways. Socialize with active, engaging peers that keep you inspired to keep learning and trying new things. And lastly, work to cultivate self-compassion so that you’ll be okay when confronted with society’s negative messages.

Age-Related Adult Loneliness: 5 Telltale Signs

Fri, 07 Jul 2023 08:08:48 GMT

Even though life might be hectic and busy for many people, it's still crucial to check in on elderly family members who might be experiencing loneliness and isolation as a result of Covid-19.

The effects of loneliness and isolation are a serious problem, especially for the ageing population. Many people are experiencing negative impacts on their physical and mental health in the aftermath of social isolation which was necessary to stop the spread of COVID-19. In fact, more older persons now (56%) compared to 27% only two years ago, reported feeling socially isolated.

It is more likely that an elderly person can age safely at home in the future if they are aware of social isolation, recognise it when it occurs, and seek help if necessary.

Here are a few indicators that your loved one might be feeling the affects of this crisis and could use some assistance and more regular company.

5 Signs an Aging Adult is Being Impacted by Loneliness

Lack of Communication. Have they lost interest in socializing, either virtually or in person? Do they repeat themselves or struggle to find the right words? Do they forget what they are saying mid-sentence?

Varying Moods. Have you noticed any recent changes in their attitude? Do they seem easily flustered or unusually sad? Are they leaving voicemails or sending text messages that seem out of the ordinary?

Changes in Appearance. Do their clothes seem rumpled or unwashed? Is their hair unkempt? Have they gained or lost a noticeable amount of weight?

Difficulty Concentrating. Do they seem disengaged or restless? Are they having difficulty keeping up with conversation? Do they appear to have trouble hearing or ask for details to be repeated?

Memory Loss. Are they having difficulty remembering names of family and friends? Have they forgotten recent events? Do they seem confused or overwhelmed?

It's crucial to be aware of additional indicators that extra help is needed at home, such as a mounting pile of clothes or dishes, unpaid bills, and forgotten medication, in addition to these five. Although it may be challenging for older persons and their families to recognise these indications, doing so will enhance the possibility that your elderly loved one will be able to age securely and happily in their home for many years to come.

6 Tips For World Wellbeing Week

Tue, 27 Jun 2023 11:57:51 GMT

As we celebrate #WorldWellbeingWeek , it’s the perfect time to reflect on our self-care practices and make a conscious effort to prioritise our overall wellbeing. In this fast-paced world, it’s easy to get caught up in the hustle and bustle, neglecting the most important person in the equation: ourselves.

We’ve put together six tips to help get you on the right track, in support of World Wellbeing Week 2023.

1 Prioritise Self-Care: Take time each day to engage in activities that promote self-care and relaxation. This can include practices such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, taking baths, reading a book or pursuing hobbies that bring you joy.

2 Maintain a Balanced Diet: Fuel your body with nutritious foods that nourish your mind and body. Focus on consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats – and stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.

3 Get Regular Exercise: Incorporate physical activity into your daily routine. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling or dancing. Exercise not only improves physical health but also boosts mood and reduces stress.

4 Practice Mindfulness: Cultivate mindfulness by being fully present in the moment. Engage in activities mindfully, paying attention to the sensations, thoughts and emotions that arise. This can be achieved through mindfulness meditation, yoga or simply by focusing on your surroundings and being aware of your thoughts.

5 Connect with Others: Human connection is vital for overall wellbeing. Take time to nurture your relationships with family, friends and loved ones. Engage in meaningful conversations, spend quality time together and offer support to those around you.

6 Set Realistic Goals: Setting achievable goals can provide a sense of purpose and motivation. Break down larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks. Celebrate your progress along the way and be kind to yourself if you face setbacks. Remember to prioritise self-care and maintain a healthy balance between work and personal life.

Wellbeing is a continuous journey, and it’s essential to find what works best for you. Incorporating these tips into your daily routine can contribute to a more balanced and fulfilling life.

Can NEST help you? The amazing charity that supports vulnerable people in Tendring.

Tue, 27 Jun 2023 08:50:41 GMT

We are delighted to announce our partnership with NEST (North Essex Support Team). In this article the charities chairman Les Nicoll, describes why he started the charity and talks about some of the many ways that they can support the vulnerable and those less fortunate in Tendring.

NEST was founded during my role within the fire service. I was an active firefighter, crew and watch manager for over 36 years, but am now sadly far too old and grey for active duties. For choice of words, cast aside like a well worn wellington boot ��. During retirement, I chose to volunteer within the local community. I have now taken the lead as a community safeguarding officer. This involves following up on concerns raised by firefighters, ambulance personnel, police and members of the public. My role involves me visiting hoarders, people with dementia, children with problems, victims of domestic abuse, people with vulnerabilities including mental health issues, end of life.

Initially I visit with the eyes of an experienced firefighter, looking at fire safety and prevention. I will then consider how support from the community may be beneficial, source funding to support deep cleans, or hoarding clearance, talk to children and signpost to opportunities to change lives and create safer and better living conditions for the most vulnerable within our community.

I have built a huge portfolio of organisations, charities, teams and individuals within the community I can call on to help.

Some years ago I had a call to visit a family in Clacton. Whilst checking the property, I was allowed to look into the children's bedroom. I noticed that there were clothes, paper, broken toys, crisp and sweet wrappers all over the floor. There were also 3 single quilts, none had quilt covers, all were threadbare, old and filthy. Most shockingly, they did not have any beds.

When I spoke to Mum she was totally unapologetic and said that as a single mum with a unsupportive father, she could not feed her children without the support of food banks and relatives. Her children were loved, clean and happy. Beds she said, were well down her list of priorities.

I should have reported this to social care, but this action would have caused a loving and struggling mother to have a lot of stress and panic. It would not have put beds under these children.

I went home that evening and put on Facebook that I had found a struggling family where there were no beds for the children and requested any donations. Within 20 minutes, I had three clean preloved single beds, new bedding, pillows and mattress covers. I collected all the next day and delivered them to a very grateful and happy family. I was also able to sign post them to other charities and family support.

Two weeks later I visited an elderly couple living in Walton on the Naze. The gentleman was in late stage palliative care, his wife and carer had late stage dementia. She would wander all night leaving the door to their flat open and sleep on the sofa all day.

They did already have beds with quilts because the flat was so cold. A look under the quilts revealed that the beds were filthy, wet and stained with urine and faeces.

Once again Facebook came good and new beds and better bedding were quickly provided. I was also able to get support from the local church the couple frequented earlier in life and social care arranged a care package to further support.

It was these stories and many more similar that inspired the creation of NEST.

NEST consistently gives around 200 beds a year to children and babies sleeping on mattresses on the floor. For adults in need we collect donated clean, preloved beds, chests of drawers, bedding, towels, tea towels (there are families within our community drying themselves on a tea towel) crockery, cutlery, saucepans, toasters, kettles, microwaves. We never ever charge everything we give to people completely free of charge.

During lockdown we were incredibly busy. NEST prepared, cooked and delivered over 7,000 meals to elderly housebound vulnerable people in our local community. More importantly, we knocked on 7,000 doors with a cheery "Hello how are you" to those most isolated during this period. We followed up with safeguarding visits where necessary.

We provided hot meals for families struggling without free school meals. This gesture developed into the Slow Cooker Club, where we gave a free, new slow cooker, weekly recipes and all the ingredients to cook a wholesome meal for their families for 6 weeks.

This has grown so much that we have now provided Slow Cooker Club to over 300 families across North Essex.

We also run a similar scheme for housebound, vulnerable elderly people. We provide a small slow cooker with freshly prepared beef, chicken or vegetable casseroles. This allows carers to pop a casserole into the slow cooker on a morning visit and then serve a homemade, wholesome meal with fresh meat and fresh vegetables on their afternoon visit .

At the start of winter, we collect, sort and display new and pre-loved winter clothing, shoes, boots, socks, hats, gloves and bedding.

We set up pop up shops, over a 5 day period, in Harwich, Clacton and Colchester. From here, people are invited to browse and pick what they need and are welcome to take as much as they want COMPLETELY FREE OF CHARGE.

Last year, we collected, sorted and gave away over 25,500 items of clothing and bedding.

Nest provides a free service to support those leaving hospital. We will relocate furniture from upstairs to down, create space for palliative care beds and space for any hospital equipment maybe required. This allows people to spend the remainder in their own home surrounded by those they love.

We regularly provide money or food to support people in crisis situations.

We collect and pass on mobility products, walking aids, rise and fall recliners, even on several occasions mobility scooters.

We pass on brand new warm indoor clothing, onesies, pyjamas, socks, hats, thermal underwear, blankets to families and vulnerable elderly people unable to heat their homes.

Finally, who is Les?...

I am a large 72 year old Grandad with a face that reflects 56 years of playing rugby, battered limbs, missing teeth and crooked fingers.

I am also the proud owner of nearly 700 new and pre loved prom dresses and 150 boys suits. Children from poor families cannot afford to attend their prom and some working families get into debt, having borrowed money to buy their child's outfit.. Every year we set up prom dress shows. In church halls and community centres we display prom dresses, suits, shoes, handbags and bling. These events are held across North Essex. Teenagers and their families are encouraged to come along, choose, try on and take away their prom outfits. All clothes are gifts and as such are completely free.

This year we held 4 events and happily gave away over 500 dresses, and 150 prom suits. Children are more than welcome to keep their outfit or hand it to someone else that may be in need the following year.

When I was a serving firefighter I believed I had the greatest Job in the world. The bells would ring, the crews would slide down the pole and jump in the fire engine, to the fire We would put the fire out. We would stop the situation from getting any worse to peoples relief.

Nowadays, working within the local community has it's similarities. The dis-stress calls will come in by email, telephone or letter. My firefighters are social workers, charity workers, health workers, community agents or simply wonderful community volunteers. We attend situations and stop circumstances from getting any worse. We listen, advise and guide people to solutions. Where possible we will take direct action ourselves, wherever permitted. We turn tears into smiles :)

How lucky am I to work within and support our local Tendring community?

NEST was set up to allow direct, efficient action. We pride ourselves, with our network of likeminded charities, to be able to offer immediate support to those in need.

Getting care and support for dementia

Wed, 19 Apr 2023 07:55:08 GMT

You might be able to get assistance and support now or in the future. You might be qualified for financial aid, while nearby organisations and later care could offer you the assistance you require.

Where can I find further assistance?

Local support groups can really help, whether you already receive support and feel like you need more, you don't feel supported right now, or you just want to meet people who are going through similar experiences.

In a relaxed environment, memory cafés provide assistance and knowledge. They enable you to interact with other dementia sufferers. You are welcome to attend with your carer, and there may occasionally be qualified carers on hand to speak with in confidentially.
You can continue your favourite interests or pick up new ones while making new friends by participating in creative activities like arts and crafts or music classes.
Following diagnosis, Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), a brief programme for persons with mild to severe dementia, typically runs twice weekly for 7 weeks. Participants engage in worthwhile and exciting activities that have been shown to support memory and mental performance. Find out which Age UKs in your area are offering CST-related programmes.
Nursery facilities can offer companionship and activities. Others are only for persons with more severe forms of dementia. Some are for older adults with or without dementia.

Who could help me out financially?

Verify that you are receiving all the benefits to which you are entitled. Depending on your age, you can qualify for a disability benefit, such as Personal Independence Payment or Attendance Allowance. Your income and savings won't be taken into consideration because these are not means-tested.

You can qualify for a 25% Council Tax bill decrease if you live alone. Or, if you share a residence with someone else, they can be eligible for a 25% council tax rebate as a result of your dementia. They might be entitled to another 25% off as your dementia worsens.

If you have a carer they may be entitled to Carer's Allowance. However, if they claim it, any income-related benefits you receive, such as Pension Credit, may be reduced.

What if I require more assistance down the road?

You may sense that you are approaching a point where you require extra assistance. There are choices you can make.

Social care

Contact your local social services office and request a care needs evaluation if you are having trouble managing everyday responsibilities or components of personal care. They will give you information and guidance, consider the type of assistance you require, and determine the programmes that might be of assistance.

If you are eligible for assistance, you can be given a personal budget. You can use this grant from the council to plan and fund your care. Because there are different restrictions in different parts of the UK, the cost will vary depending on the service you receive and where you live.

Housing choices

Consider what you want to happen if your dementia worsens to the point where you require a lot more assistance. It can be difficult to consider this, but doing so should ensure that your wishes are honoured if you are unable to make that choice in the future. There are numerous choices.

Age-specific housing is known as sheltered housing. You have your own home, but if you require more assistance, it is available. You can relocate with your partner if you have one.
Sheltered housing is comparable to extra-care housing, but more assistance is offered. Services vary, but frequently include meals and personal care. How much assistance you require will determine the price. You can relocate with your partner if you have one.
Personal care and nursing care are both provided in care facilities. They are staffed around-the-clock.

What is a Living Will

Mon, 20 Mar 2023 14:30:09 GMT

You can declare your desire to decline medical care in the future with an advance decision. It's also known as a living will at times.

What is a living will, or advance decision?

If a situation arose in which you were unable to speak or make your own judgements, an earlier decision would become important.

You are free to decline medical care, even if doing so would result in your death. An prior choice is legally binding, so the people who are taking care of you must abide by it. Yet, it won't be applied unless you become incapable of making or communicating decisions regarding your care.

What should I consider before making an advanced decision?

You should discuss your decision in advance with a medical expert who is familiar with your medical history and the advantages and disadvantages of foregoing particular therapies. To ensure that your loved ones understand your preferences, you might also want to talk about it with them.

A decision to forgo therapy in advance:

You must be explicit about the conditions in which you do not want to receive the recommended treatment.
should state if you agree to receive the particular treatment, even if it may result in your demise.
cannot be used to request specific medical care
cannot be used to request the termination of your life.

How do I make an advanced decision?

Unless you are rejecting potentially life-saving treatment, an advance decision does not need to be in writing. Therefore, it is advisable to put it in writing and distribute copies to all of your family members and carers. Your advance decision must be disclosed to your doctor and medical staff in order for them to record it in your medical records. You should examine it frequently, and you are always free to make changes. Make sure to explicitly convey and document these modifications, and don't forget to date and sign the document.

Your choice to deny potentially life-sustaining treatment must be made in writing, be signed in the presence of witnesses, and include the phrase "even if life is put in danger as a result."

The regulations governing how a durable power of solicitor for health and care and an advance decision interact can be intricate. It's advisable to acquire legal advice about setting up an advance decision.

What is an advanced statement?

An advance statement of wishes outlines your preferences and everything else that is necessary for you to feel at ease. All parties involved in your care should think about making an advance statement. It is not legally binding, in contrast to a decision made in advance.

You might want to mention details about:

where ideally you would like to be cared for, for example your home, a care home or hospice
your dietary requirements
foods you do and don’t like
whether you prefer baths or showers
what kind of clothes you prefer to wear
the type of music you like and what you like to watch on TV
whether you like to sleep with a light on
the time you like to go to bed and whether you’re an early riser or prefer a lie in
your religious or other beliefs and values
who you want to be consulted about your care
who you would like to visit you.

You can write down your advance statement whatsoever suits you best. To ensure that everyone engaged in your care is aware of your wishes, it's crucial to provide a copy of your advance directive with everybody, especially your care staff, Doctor, and medical team.

Steps to Preventing Influenza

Wed, 08 Mar 2023 11:20:11 GMT

For older adults to help defend themselves against the flu this winter, self-defense is more crucial than ever. Receiving your free flu shot is a crucial step in helping to safeguard your health this winter if you are 50 years of age or older.

The flu is what?

The respiratory system is impacted by the flu infection. It is a highly contagious illness brought on by the influenza virus.

Between October through March, it is in season. Even in pleasant weather, you can still catch it.

What are the symptoms of the flu?

Symptoms of the flu can include:

a fever
a dry cough
sore throat
headache
muscle aches
feeling sick and being sick
diarrhoea
feeling very tired.

How should I handle the flu?

As the flu is a virus, antibiotics won't help you recover from the flu or relieve your symptoms.

You should hydrate yourself well, get as much rest as you can, and make an effort to stay warm to aid in your recovery. Ibuprofen and paracetamol can be taken to alleviate certain symptoms.

How can I stop myself contracting the flu?

The influenza virus spreads quickly. Use tissues whenever you cough or sneeze, wash your hands frequently, and discard used tissues as soon as you can to limit the chance of spreading the illness.

For people who are more susceptible to the flu, a vaccine is available.

Even if it's a mild winter, flu is in season, so if you qualify, it's crucial to get an annual free flu shot. This serves to safeguard you and everyone you care about.

Who can get a free flu jab?

You can get a free flu jab from your GP or pharmacist if:

you're aged 65 or over
you're aged 50 and over, starting from mid-October (including if you'll be 50 years old by 31st March 2023).
you live in residential care or another long-stay care facility
you provide care for an older or disabled person
you live in the same household as someone who is on the Shielded Patient List or is immunocompromised
you have certain health conditions - a full list can be found on the NHS website .
you're pregnant.

If you're a frontline worker in the NHS, the NHS will pay for your vaccination.

If you work in social care, your employer should organise and pay for your vaccine. If your employer doesn't offer the vaccine and you work for either a registered residential care or nursing home, a registered home care organisation or a hospice, you may be able to have a free vaccine at your GP or pharmacist.

Speak to your GP or pharmacist if you think you could be eligible.

When should I get my flu shot?

In late September or early October, the majority of surgeries and pharmacists begin to provide the vaccination. It is preferable to get the vaccine as soon as possible because it can take up to 14 days for it to start working.

It is still wise to take precautions up until the end of March because the flu season lasts that long.

Where can I get my flu jab?

You can have your flu jab at your GP surgery or a local pharmacy offering the service. It's up to you where you go.

Do I still require my flu shot and coronavirus booster?

It's crucial to receive both your flu shot and your coronavirus autumn booster vaccination this winter. Having both is crucial since they defend you from many viruses and can prevent you from being very ill this winter.

One should be given to everyone who qualifies for an autumn booster shot at least three months following their prior coronavirus vaccine.

While you could be called regarding your flu shot, you can also schedule it at any time and at your neighbourhood pharmacy.

You may be offered both the flu jab and the coronavirus booster vaccination at the same time. This is perfectly safe and can be more convenient for you.

If you have any questions about either vaccine you should speak to your GP or pharmacist.

Retaining your weight as you age.

Tue, 07 Mar 2023 12:41:15 GMT

As you age, you could start to lose weight due to an illness or a decrease in appetite. You can take measures to gain weight healthily, and maintaining a healthy body weight is crucial.

See your doctor if you are underweight or have lost weight suddenly or for no apparent reason to be sure there isn't a medical explanation behind it.

It's extremely typical for older people to lose their appetite, even if there are no health issues. You may be underweight simply because you aren't consuming enough calories or energy through your diet.

For older adults, being underweight can have major consequences. You are more likely to experience health issues, including bone fractures from falls. It compromises your immune system, making you more prone to infections, and it raises the possibility that you won't get enough of key vitamins and minerals.

However, you can take steps to improve your diet and get the energy and nutrients you need.

How to eat if you've lost your appetite

Our appetites typically decrease as we age, and sometimes we don't even feel like eating.

Get all the energy and nutrition your body need even if you're underweight and your appetite has diminished.

There are 3 methods for doing this:

Switch to smaller meals and frequent snacks, so that you're not struggling to eat 3 large meals a day.
Increase your calorie intake by eating foods like milky puddings and cheesy main courses, or vegetarian or vegan alternatives.
Avoid filling up on foods that are high in saturated fat or sugars, such as sugary fizzy drinks, cakes and biscuits.

Guidelines for increasing calorie intake

Try these wholesome yet energising lunch and snack suggestions:

porridge made with whole (full-fat) milk, with fruit or dried fruit on top
sardines on toast
peanut butter on toast
eggs on toast
soups with pulses, pasta or meats
cottage/shepherd's pie
beans on toast with cheese sprinkled on top
milky drinks as a bedtime snack
unsalted nuts

Add more calories from healthier foods to your diet to help you gain weight:

sprinkle grated cheese on savoury dishes
add cheese or milk to soups
add ground or whole nuts, nut butter or seeds to dishes
add soya or pea protein powder to meals and drinks
spread avocado on toast for a high-energy and healthy snack
pour white sauce (made with butter, flour and milk) on fish or vegetables
replace 1 cup of tea or coffee each day with a cup of warm full-fat milk or a dairy-free alternative such as soya milk
put milk, butter or dairy-free spread into mashed potato

Dine with family and friends

Try to dine with friends or family as frequently as you can if you're having trouble getting motivated to eat or finding it difficult to be interested in food. Another fantastic approach to make mealtimes more social is through lunch clubs.

Have foods that are easy to prepare

If you find it difficult to prepare foods, try the following tips:

Choose prepared foods with less salt. Finding a prepackaged meal that is nutritionally balanced might be challenging. Read about food labels to learn how to make a healthy meal selection.
Have some dried and canned fruit on hand. It may be substituted for fresh fruit, requires no preparation, and counts towards your daily five. Fruit in cans is very simple to eat if you have dental issues.
Have some canned and frozen vegetables on hand. These are simple to make and can be included in your 5 A Day.
Purchase individual-pot puddings and munchies including rice and yoghurt puddings.
A calorie-dense beverage can be used in place of or in addition to a meal.

Exercise increases your appetite

For older adults, physical activity is especially vital. It can support your continued independence, mobility, and health.

Even if you're underweight, staying active lowers your risk of heart disease and stroke and keeps your heart healthy. The more active you are, the more hungry you could feel.

If you're underweight, have mobility issues, or have a disability, your recommended level of physical exercise may differ from that of other people your age. You can get advice on this from your doctor or practise nurse. A calorie-dense beverage can be used in place of or in addition to a meal.

Get your food delivered.

If you have trouble cooking for yourself or grocery shopping, think about hiring a helper.

Meals on wheels, which are prepared and delivered hot and frozen by your local council's social services, may be something you are entitled to. The service is typically charged for.

GOV.UK has further information about delivering meals to your home.

A healthy diet for those aged 65 and above

Tue, 07 Mar 2023 11:55:40 GMT

Constant change is one of life's unavoidable realities, and our nutritional requirements are no exception; they alter throughout time as well.

Constant change is one of life's unavoidable realities, and our nutritional requirements are no exception; they alter throughout time as well. No matter your age, it's crucial to maintain a varied and balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables, high-quality protein, starchy carbs, fibre, and healthy fats. Read on to learn more about why it's important to pay a little more attention to how and what you eat after the age of 65.

Enjoy meals

Make meals more positive – even if you are eating alone, a nicely laid table can make all the difference. Or, encourage a friend or neighbour to eat with you. If your appetite is less than it used to be try four smaller meals rather than the traditional three. Spreading your food intake throughout the day with smaller meals and regular snacks is useful if you find it uncomfortable to eat a lot in one sitting.

Eat a varied daily diet

Aim to eat a balanced and varied diet, containing at least five portions of fruit and vegetables each day. If cooking fresh fruit and vegetables is an issue, canned or frozen vegetables can be a great alternative – they are easier to prepare, cost effective and in many cases just as nutritious.

Choose canned vegetables that has been packed in water or natural juice that hasn't had salt or sugar added. Also, you can include a 30g serving of dried fruit and a 150ml serving of fruit juice or smoothies once each day. These should ideally be consumed with meals rather than in between them (to reduce the risk of tooth decay). Fruit and vegetables in cans and bags are excellent store cupboard mainstays, and they come in handy when travelling to the store is challenging.

Vital vitamin D

Get as much vitamin D as you can by spending at least 20 minutes a day outside without using sunscreen. Vitamin D is produced when sunlight reacts with the skin (although if you are out for longer than this, do take the appropriate steps to protect your skin from sun damage).

Diet is crucial in the fall and winter since the sun's rays aren't strong enough for the body to produce vitamin D. Good sources include foods like eggs, oily fish (such salmon, sardines, and mackerel), and some spreads and breakfast cereals that have been fortified. The recommendation to take a daily vitamin D supplement of 10 micrograms for people over 65 also applies to persons who have limited access to healthy sunshine.

Ask your doctor for further details to learn more about vitamin D.

B12 for vigour

The body needs vitamin B12 for a variety of functions, including the creation of red blood cells, upkeep of the neurological system, and the release of energy from meals. Maintaining a sufficient intake is important since as we become older, our capacity to absorb this vitamin declines. Liver, mackerel, fortified soy milk, yoghurt, most meats, salmon, cod, milk, cheese, eggs, and fortified breakfast cereals are among the foods high in sources.

Power Proteins

Protein is necessary for the synthesis of hormones, the upkeep of tissue, cells, and muscle, and the production of antibodies. According to studies, eating extra protein may be beneficial as we age since it helps prevent the loss of muscle that comes with ageing.

Meat like beef and pork, poultry like chicken and turkey, fish like salmon and cod, and seafood like prawns all provide high-quality protein. Vegetarians can eat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yoghurt, while vegans can eat things like beans, nuts, seeds, quinoa, soy, and tofu.

Know your salt.

While eating too many pre-packaged meals may result in you consuming too much salt, it is still vital to include some salt in your diet. As we age, our senses of taste and smell may become less sharp, and it can be tempting to salt our meals more to make up for this. Use herbs, spices, and other potent flavourings like garlic, lemon juice, vinegar, or mustard to flavour meals instead.

Top up fibres

Fiber helps to maintain a healthy digestive tract and encourages regular bowel motions. Ensure that a range of fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, oats, fruits, vegetables, beans, and lentils, are a part of your diet. In the morning, a little glass of prune juice may aid in easing constipation.

Before drastically increasing your fibre intake or taking fibre supplements if you take medication, see your doctor. This is due to the fact that fibre slows down digestion, which could result in a slower absorption of your prescription. Similar to this, if your diet's fibre consumption has historically been on the low side, boost the amount gradually to give your digestive system time to adjust. If you require advice, seek the advice of a dietitian.

Remain hydrated

Although it can be simple to forget, it's crucial to strive for 6 to 8 glasses or cups of water per day. The good news is that it's not necessary to drink only plain water; milk, sugar-free beverages, tea, and coffee all count. But, keep in mind that caffeine-containing beverages may cause the body to generate pee more quickly.

Fruit juice and smoothies also count, but you should keep their combined daily intake to 150ml because they contain "free" sugars, which we are advised to limit.

Several of the meals we consume, such as soup, ice cream, jelly, and some fruits and vegetables including melon, courgettes, and cucumbers, all help us to consume more fluids.

Be weight wise

Your body's calorie requirements alter as you age and are influenced by a variety of factors, including your level of exercise and metabolism. Consuming too few calories can cause weight loss, while eating too many calories can cause weight gain. If you're unsure if your weight falls within the healthy range, the NHS has a helpful online BMI healthy weight calculator that you may use.

Some older persons may find it difficult to maintain their weight due to illness or appetite loss. In order to strengthen the immune system, preserve healthy bones, and lower the danger of nutritional deficiencies, it's crucial to keep your weight within a healthy range. Speak with your doctor if you're underweight or have unintentionally lost weight to be sure there isn't a medical issue at play.

Try including nutritious, high-energy meals and snacks if you need to increase your calorie consumption to maintain your weight. Use items with a lot of calories, such avocado, peanut butter, dried fruit, almonds, cheese, and whole milk.

Keep active

All ages can benefit greatly from exercise, and the good news is that any physical activity counts. If you are over 65 and are able, the NHS recommends engaging in some form of physical activity every day. This may include 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity (like brisk walking or riding a bike), 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity, or strengthening and flexibility exercises on two days per week (such as jogging, running or playing tennis).

Exercises that are performed while sitting, swimming, and strengthening exercises utilising tools like resistance bands can all be beneficial for people who use wheelchairs or have limited mobility.

Housework and light gardening are ideal for maintaining joint and muscle mobility if you are unable to leave the house for any reason. Chair yoga takes little equipment and may be beneficial for the body and mind.

Exercise is crucial for older folks because as people age, their muscles and bones naturally weaken. Maintaining an active lifestyle can lower your risk of osteoporosis, improve your balance, and lessen your chance of falling and hip fractures. The NHS advises people with osteoporosis to continue being active.

If you have experienced a recent fracture, have blood pressure issues or any other medical condition, please check with your GP or health practitioner to ensure the exercise is appropriate for you.

Incontinence

Mon, 06 Mar 2023 14:11:16 GMT

Any age group can experience issues with bladder or bowel control, which can significantly affect their day-to-day activities. Some folks prefer to stay indoors or require that their plans revolve around a bathroom.

Individuals may be reluctant to discuss bladder or bowel issues, but in the majority of situations, the issue may be resolved or controlled so it doesn't affect your daily life.

Incontinence explained

When you can't control your bladder or bowel, you may unintentionally leak urine from your bladder (called urinary incontinence) or faeces from your intestine (bowel incontinence).

What causes incontinence?

Causes of urinary incontinence may include:

weak pelvic floor muscles
changes in the nerves controlling the bladder or pelvic floor
overactive bladder
enlarged prostate (for men).

Causes of bowel incontinence may include:

weak bowel muscles
changes in the nerves controlling the bowel
diarrhoea.

What incontinence signs and symptoms are there?

Each has a different set of symptoms. While some people only experience the occasional leak, others may experience total loss of control over their bladder or bowels.

Urinary incontinence signs:

leaking urine when coughing, sneezing, laughing or exercising
leaking urine before getting to the toilet
passing urine frequently
urgent need to pass urine
difficulty starting to pass urine
wetting the bed when asleep
a feeling that the bladder doesn’t empty completely.

Symptoms of bowel incontinence

leaking from the bowel
urgent need to open bowels
being unable to control wind
straining or difficulty emptying bowels.

How is incontinence determined to exist?

Talking to a medical expert is the first action you can take to help yourself if you have a bladder or bowel issue.

A doctor can evaluate your symptoms, determine the underlying issue, and talk to you about any treatments or exercises that might be able to solve your issues.

Your doctor might request or order these tests to assist diagnose the issue:

a diary of your bladder habits
a physical examination to assess your bladder, pelvic floor muscles (women) or prostate (men)
a sample of your urine for testing
a blood test to check the health of your kidneys
an ultrasound scan of your bladder.

Some tests may help your doctor find the cause of your incontinence or a temporary problem, such as a urine infection, that can be treated quickly.

How is incontinence treated?

Managing a weak bladder or bowel is an individual thing and sometimes more than one treatment is needed. Treatments include:

exercises to help you strengthen the muscles surrounding the bladder (pelvic floor exercises) or bowel
bladder or bowel training
medications
surgery may be an option if other treatments haven’t worked.

How can incontinence products help me?

The right incontinence products will also help you manage the problem and carry on with normal life. Products include:

washable products such as re-usable pads, which often come as part of a pair of pants
disposable pads which are held in place by close-fitting pants
disposable pants, or all-in-one pads with a plastic backing and adhesive patches to seal the sides
bed or chair protectors in the form of disposable or washable pads
for men, there are a range of products that fit over the penis and collect urine into a bag strapped to the leg.

You can buy most of these in pharmacies and supermarkets, but seek professional advice before using them permanently.

To qualify for free incontinence products provided by the NHS, you’ll need to meet criteria set out by your local NHS.

Contact your local NHS continence service or clinic for a location in your area and check if you need to be referred by your doctor.

A specialist nurse may need to assess if you are eligible and will then arrange your supply of products.

Tips for living well with incontinence

Be prepared

Try thinking of practical solutions to problems that might arise while you’re out. You could take some spare pads and pants with you. Scented bags for soiled pads or pants could be useful if you’re worried about smell.

You may find a toilet card helpful. The ‘Just Can’t Wait’ card states clearly that you have a medical condition and that you need to use a toilet urgently. Showing this card can help you avoid the queue for a public toilet.

Take care of your skin

Washing regularly and drying carefully with a soft towel will help to keep your skin healthy. Change pads regularly, using a disposable wipe to remove any residue. If your skin becomes broken, speak with your doctor or a nurse immediately as it can lead to a skin infection.

Change pads frequently to avoid smell

Fresh urine should not smell offensive. If it does, there may be an infection. Good quality pads help to absorb some smell, but always change wet clothes as soon as possible.

Smell from bowel incontinence is more difficult to hide. Change soiled pads as soon as possible and put them in an airtight container or sealed bag.

Stay hydrated

Drink normally, unless your GP or nurse has told you otherwise. You should aim to drink 6-8 cups of liquid each day. Tea, coffee or other caffeinated drinks make your symptoms worse. Drinking too many fizzy drinks, alcoholic drinks, or drinks with artificial sweeteners in them can also irritate the bladder.

Prevent constipation

Constipation (irregular bowel motions) can put pressure on your bladder or bowel and worsen incontinence. Eat plenty of fibre-rich foods (e.g. fruit, vegetables) and drink plenty of liquid. Keep active and exercise regularly.

Dress for ease

Try choosing clothing with elasticated waists, or fastenings with Velcro instead of zips and buttons.

Plan before you travel

If you’re going on a long journey with family or friends, and you know you’ll need to use the toilet frequently, let them know beforehand. That way you can identify potential stopping points and can feel more in control.

Consider home adaptations

If equipment or home adaptations, such as handrails in the bathroom or a commode, might help with your incontinence, speak to social services. You’re eligible for a needs assessment, conducted by your local authority, to find out what help and support you need at home.

The Truth About 10 Myths Regarding Aging and Mental Health

Mon, 06 Mar 2023 13:13:29 GMT

Many people fear getting older because of preconceived notions about ageing. Understanding what is and is not normal with ageing, as well as the benefits of ageing, is crucial as we get older and spend more time with older people.

In fact, according to research, adopting healthy behaviours and lifestyle choices can help you maintain your health and foster happiness. Discover 10 of the most widespread misconceptions about senior mental health by reading on.

Myth 1 : Depression and Anxiety are Normal in Older Adults

Age-related depression is NOT natural and is treatable. However, sadness and anxiety in older persons frequently go undiagnosed and untreated, in large part because of the misconception that having a mental health issue as you age is typical.

In fact, research indicates that older persons have lower rates of anxiety and depression than younger adults.

Hence, when should you exercise caution? The signs of depression in older persons may be less visible, and they may also express their emotions less openly. When left untreated, depression, a common and potentially dangerous mood disease, can worsen physical conditions, have an impact on functioning, cause family strife, and raise the risk of suicide.

The good news is that depression in older persons is very treatable.

Myth 2 : As we age, we don’t need as much sleep

It's untrue! Sleeping for an average of 7-8 hours per day is associated with better physical and mental health in older persons, according to experts.

What Alters in Sleep with Age? For instance, sleep may become less deep as we become older, and we might wake up more frequently. Sleep also becomes more susceptible to disruptions from things like pain, health problems, stress, mental health concerns, environmental changes, etc.

But for total emotional and physical health and wellbeing, sleep is crucial. It is essential for maintaining cognitive function and brain health. In fact, those who consistently lack proper sleep are more likely to develop dementia, depression, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, injuries from falls, and cancer.

Myth 3 : Older adults can’t learn new things.

Every stage of life offers opportunities for learning and development. Older folks have the capacity to develop new talents, be imaginative, and perform better.

Consider older actors who learn new lines for their roles, such as 83-year-old Lily Tomlin and 85-year-old Morgan Freeman. Or athletes like Ida Keeling, who began jogging after the age of 65 and became the oldest woman to complete a 100-meter race. Then there's Loongkoonan, an Aboriginal painter who started working when she was in her 90s and presented her work in Washington, DC, at the age of 105.

According to studies, older persons who learn new skills or hobbies, such as quilting or digital photography, see memory gains.

Elderly people never cease developing and learning.

Myth 4 : It is inevitable that older people will get dementia.

Aging does not necessarily cause dementia. In actuality, the most prevalent form of dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, will affect only 1 in 9 adults aged 65 and older (10.7%) in 2022. Age does raise the chance of dementia, with Alzheimer's dementia affecting 33.2% of those 85 and older. But, dementia is not inevitable, and the chance of getting it is actually going down.

It is true that ageing causes changes in the brain, and some memory loss is normal as we become older. In spite of this, elderly persons can still lead fulfilling lives on their own.

For instance, it's common to forget someone's name and then remember them later in the day. You might lose your spectacles, only to find them later. To remember appointments or tasks, you might need to prepare lists more frequently than in the past. These memory alterations are typically mild and treatable, and they don't interfere with your ability to work, live independently, or keep up with social activities.

Not all changes are detrimental. According to research from Trinity College Dublin, older persons have been found to have higher attention spans, lower levels of anxiety, and better cognitive control than younger adults.

Myth 5 : If my parent has Alzheimer’s disease, I will get it too.

Although if having certain genes, such as the APOE-4 gene, increases your risk for Alzheimer's disease, dementia is NOT a given. According to Yale University research, those with the APOE-4 gene and favourable attitudes towards ageing were 49.8% less likely to develop dementia than those with negative attitudes towards ageing. These individuals' risk was effectively reduced to the same level as those who are completely deficient in the APOE-4 gene!

You can adopt a variety of different lifestyle practises to lower your chance of developing Alzheimer's disease, such as getting regular exercise, eating healthy, developing a sense of meaning and purpose in your life, and much more.

If you’re concerned about changes in your brain, the first step is to contact your doctor to identify what may be causing these changes. Sometimes brain changes are a symptom of other medical problems that can be helped.

Myth 6 : People with dementia don’t benefit from mental health care.

Prior to focusing on older persons, I shared this misconception. In fact, I would say that I preferred to work with elderly folks without dementia. I was ableist, boy. Bias and stereotypes regarding a person's aptitude are called ableism. Although dementia is a disease that affects thinking and functioning, this does not mean that people cannot receive care and support. In reality, mental health services for depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and other conditions can help people with dementia.

Myth 7 : At a certain age, seniors must stop driving.

There are more than 40 million people 65 and older who have an active driver’s license. You may be surprised to hear that older drivers are, by and large, very safe drivers. In fact, they’re more likely to wear their seat belt and drive the speed limit and are less likely to drink and drive than any other age group.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), older adults are less likely to be the drivers involved in fatal car accidents than people younger than them. As might expect, people ages 16-24 were the most likely to be driving.

Driving is based on ability, not age, which is why we have to take a test to demonstrate our ability to drive.

As we age our bodies naturally experience physical changes like to our vision, hearing, mobility, reaction time, mild memory changes, and so on. Our bodies are also more vulnerable to medical conditions, which might impair our ability to drive or require medications that can affect driving.

If you’re concerned about driving, it’s important to talk with your doctor for assistance in navigating changes.

Finally, gaining tools and adapting your car can help you stay safe on the road for as long as possible .

Myth 8 : Sex and intimacy are no longer valued after a certain age.

Humans like intimacy and sex throughout their entire lives. According to a recent poll of more than 1,000 seniors aged 65 to 80, 50.9% of males and 30.8% of women reported engaging in sexual activity. Just 17.3% of persons aged 65 to 80 reported consulting with their healthcare provider about sexual health in the previous two years, and of those, the clear majority of older adults (60.5%) initiated the conversation, according to the same poll.

Researchers have discovered that older persons' perceptions of sex are frequently "shameful, repulsive, comical, and nonexistent," which can result in internalised stigma and a rise in sexual issues.

It's time to adopt a more accurate and comprehensive perspective in the narrative surrounding ageing and sexuality. Sexual interactions have numerous advantages for older adults, including psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual ones. The sooner aging-related stereotypes are dispelled from discussions about intimacy and sexual health, the better.

Myth 9 : Seniors are set in their ways and so don’t respond to well to mental health care.

Wrong. This is a widespread fallacy that stems from false assumptions of older folks as being rigid and resistant to change. The opposite is true, as you can see. In actuality, older folks benefit equally from mental health therapy as do younger adults.

In a recent SAMHSA report on alcohol treatment, it was discovered that older persons who took part in drug use treatment programmes fared almost as well as or better than younger adults in terms of outcomes, and they were also more likely to finish treatment.

Older persons are less likely to be referred for mental health care due to these and other beliefs, as well as the stigma that surrounds mental health care, which is a significant difference between younger and older adults.

Myth 10 : Addiction is not a mental health problem that affects older adults.

Those 60 and older have been drinking more frequently during the previous 20 years, particularly women. According to other studies, 11% of people 65 and older and 20% of people in the 60–64 age bracket currently binge drink (consuming 5 or more drinks on an occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on an occasion for women).

As you can see, there are an increasing number of older persons who struggle with alcohol and other drug use, but these disorders are still largely undiagnosed and untreated. This is why:

Due to brief appointment times and a lack of understanding regarding substance use disorders in older persons, healthcare professionals may overlook substance use problems. Not to mention that substance use disorders in older adults might be challenging to detect and diagnose since their symptoms may resemble those of other conditions that are frequently associated with the elderly (like diabetes, cognitive and dementia disorders, and depression).

The belief among family members that it is pointless to refer a loved one to drug or alcohol rehab because they will never change.

The good news is that older persons CAN CHANGE and CAN INDEED BENEFIT from substance use disorder treatment. Lean in, express your worries, and offer to help the elderly person get in touch with care.

What not to say to somebody with dementia

Thu, 02 Mar 2023 13:03:18 GMT

Depending on the circumstance, words can be encouraging and uplifting as well as upsetting and infuriating. Here, we examine several phrases and inquiries to attempt to steer clear of when conversing with a dementia patient.

Language and communication can become more challenging over time for someone with dementia. Each person with dementia will experience distinct challenges as the disease advances.

Their dementia's type and stage will also be important. The words that other people use are crucial as well, even though the person with the condition may struggle to find the correct phrase.

For someone with dementia to live successfully, good communication might be essential. These are a few phrases and inquiries you might want to steer clear of in conversation.

7 things to avoid saying to somebody with dementia

1. 'Remember when...?'

Although it may be alluring to attempt to spark a person with dementia's memory, this type of query frequently serves as a reminder of memories lost. It may occasionally seem as though the subject is being put to the test.

There is no proof that prodding the person in this way would help them remember or retain memories, and it can be a difficult or traumatic experience. While talking about the past can be enjoyable and reassuring, it's usually best to take the initiative and invite the other person to join you.

Maybe, try this:

Instead of posing a question, try leading with ‘I remember when…’. That way, the person can search their memory calmly without feeling embarrassed, then join in if they like.

2. 'I've just told you that'

It can be difficult answering the same question several times, especially when you are trying to keep frustration or upset from your voice.

However, reminding the person that you have just answered their question will not help them retain the information for next time, it is likely to just remind them of their condition. This can be distressing for you both.

Try this instead:

Try to answer repeated questions calmly and patiently. If you feel the need, take a break, and remove yourself from the conversation for a while.

Remember that the person cannot help repeating themselves, and it is important for them to feel heard and understood.

3. 'Your brother died 10 years ago'

A person with dementia could forget about a previous loss or enquire about a deceased individual. They may react as though hearing the news for the first time all over again when you remind them of the death of a loved one because it can be quite traumatic.

Different situations will require various responses to these kinds of challenging questions, but it's always crucial to be kind and lessen any distress.

Instead, try this:

Avoiding the question should be avoided since it could make the person feel more uncomfortable. Some people may find comfort in being urged to talk about the subject of their enquiry.

Find out how the person is feeling, sometimes asking about a particular family member or friend is due to the person having an unmet need.

4. 'What did you do this morning?'

A person with dementia may find it stressful if you ask them too many open-ended questions about the past since they may not be able to remember the answers. Even while it could seem nice to enquire about someone's day, it's preferable to pay attention to the current situation.

Instead, try this:

Instead of asking them about their day, briefly describe yours before allowing them to ask you any questions.

Then, they might divulge details on their actions. Use the environment's furnishings, such as photos or ornaments, to spark conversation while talking to them about the present.

5. 'Do you recognise me?'

When a person with dementia doesn't recognise you, especially if you have a close relationship with them, it can be upsetting. Keep in mind that they may find it upsetting to not recognise others around them.

If you ask someone whether they know who you are, they could feel awkward or guilty if they don't or offended if they do.

Instead, try this:

Depending on the stage of their health, the way you welcome someone with dementia may differ; make your own assessment, but keep it friendly. Your name and your relationship to them, together with a sincere greeting, might be helpful.

6. 'Let’s have a cup of tea now, then after that we can go for nice walk and get lunch in that café you like in town.’

For a person with dementia, long, complex statements can be challenging to comprehend. Giving guidance or instructions step-by-step is preferable because cognitive abilities deteriorate with age, making it challenging to grasp multiple thoughts at once.

Instead, try this:

As much as possible, use brief, straightforward sentences. Avoid speaking in noisy settings and hold off on starting a discussion until you have the other person's full attention.

7. 'Do you need some help with that, love?'

For those with dementia, words like "love," "honey," and "dear" can occasionally come out as condescending. This is especially true if they were not referred to in this manner prior to developing dementia. This is sometimes known as "elderspeak," and it can make elderly adults feel like children.

Instead, try this:

Always keep in mind the person suffering from dementia, and wherever possible, refer to them by name. This helps them maintain their dignity and improves focus.

Elderly Companionship Care: Key Information on Distinguished Services

Thu, 02 Mar 2023 10:48:12 GMT

To preserve our wellbeing, we all need to interact with others, but getting older makes this more difficult. Seniors' lives are improved by companion care by giving them regular opportunity for social interaction and help with simple household chores.

Companionship care for the elderly is about providing emotional support to older adults who are generally healthy but need a little extra help to remain independent or stay connected with people. Seniors benefit from having someone to talk to and share experiences with on a regular basis. Companions can also offer valuable household help that enables older adults to remain in their own homes as they age.

Did you know...

that maintaining a social life can improve an older person's health? According to the available data, social engagement and seniors' wellbeing are strongly correlated. In fact, one of the fundamental ideas that can help people live healthier and longer lives, according to the Blue Zones, is social connectedness.

What Is a Senior Care Companion?

A companion carer eases a senior's life by helping around the house and engaging them in conversation. While some elderly individuals only need a friend to hang out with, others need help with household chores like cooking or laundry. Someone dropping over a few times a week to chat, go for a walk, play cards, and clean the kitchen is an illustration of a companion service. Some companions offer respite care, which gives spouses or other family members who are carers a much-needed break.

Companions can perform a wide range of non-medical services, such as:

Shopping for groceries
Preparing meals
Providing transportation to appointments and social outings
Reminding seniors to take medications (but not actually administering them)
Helping seniors write letters or pay bills
Taking care of pets
Changing sheets and making beds
Washing and folding laundry
Watering plants
Making small repairs, such as changing lightbulbs
Planning social activities
Reading out loud to seniors
Participating in games and hobbies
Picking up prescriptions
Taking out garbage
Dusting and vacuuming

In some cases, companions can also assist with personal care activities such as bathing and grooming.

Essentially, a distinguished senior companion is an individual who connects seniors with their community, lifts the burden of everyday household tasks, and improves the quality of life for older adults.

Older People's Low Blood Pressure: Important Information to Know

Thu, 02 Mar 2023 09:51:09 GMT

The majority of people are aware that elderly persons with high blood pressure can develop serious medical problems, whereas low blood pressure is far less frequently discussed. Yet, too low of a blood pressure reading might have detrimental repercussions on your health. Understanding the truth will help you take good care of yourself.

A low blood pressure level may not always signal emergency. Low blood pressure is typically not an issue unless you start feeling symptoms like dizziness or blurred vision, however high blood pressure can be detrimental even if you are unaware of it. You have to do something if that occurs. Seniors who experience symptomatic low blood pressure run a higher chance of falling, which makes it quite risky. In its worst, it may result in shock or even death.

The fundamentals of blood pressure, including how it's measured and what the readings signify, are explained in this article. It also lists a number of causes that can induce low blood pressure and details some of its typical symptoms. Also, it offers details on various approaches that can be used to control or treat older persons with low blood pressure.

Fundamentals of Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is a gauge for the amount of pressure required to keep your body's blood flowing. Your organs and tissues must be under this pressure in order for them to receive the oxygen and nourishment they require.

Because the arteries become more rigid with ageing, blood pressure frequently increases. A major health danger can result from high blood pressure. In reality, high blood pressure and how it should be treated in older persons were redefined in 2017 by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. The goal of the revised blood pressure recommendations for seniors is to promote earlier, more aggressive therapy to prevent blood pressure levels from rising too high.

Nonetheless, BP levels might occasionally be below normal. Low blood pressure indicates that the effort necessary to move blood throughout the body is less than anticipated.

What occurs then when your blood pressure is low? Nothing in some circumstances. You can be in good health and not need any therapy. Yet if it drops too low, you could feel faint or disoriented as a result of low blood pressure.

Key organs (including your brain) may not get enough blood and oxygen to function properly if your blood pressure falls dangerously low. In dire circumstances, you can experience shock and need immediate medical care. If vital nutrients are denied from the body's organs as a result of severe, persistent low blood pressure, the result might be fatal.

How blood pressure is measured and what the readings mean

Two numbers are used to represent blood pressure, one "over" the other. Systolic blood pressure is represented by the first, or top, number. This shows how much force your heart's contractions cause your blood to apply to the walls of your arteries. The diastolic pressure, which appears as the second or bottom number, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart fills up between beats.

An inflatable cuff that fits around your upper arm and a stethoscope are commonly used by your healthcare professional to measure your blood pressure. The blood flow is stopped by inflating the cuff until it is just tight enough, after which it is gradually let out. Your doctor or nurse will be able to determine your systolic pressure by listening to the whooshing sound of the blood returning through the stethoscope. The diastolic pressure is indicated when the whooshing sound stops.

Adults should maintain a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg or lower. (The "mm Hg" stands for millimetres of mercury, which is the measurement unit for pressure gauges.) Your blood pressure, however, may be higher than that without any cause for alarm because blood pressure naturally rises with age. For instance, a woman in her 80s may have a normal blood pressure result of 134/84 mm Hg, according to a chart from Disabled World.

What then qualifies as low blood pressure in elderly individuals? Anything with a blood pressure reading below 90/60 mm Hg is considered to be low. We refer to this as hypotension. According to the chart from Disabled World, a dangerous blood pressure reading is 50/33 mm Hg.

Keep in mind that only one of the numbers has to be below the healthy range in order to qualify as low blood pressure. So, for instance, if your top number (the systolic pressure) is 90 or less, you may have low blood pressure, no matter what your bottom number is.

Many medical experts believe that the most important number in blood pressure is the top one (i.e., the systolic pressure). That's because research has shown that your risk of heart disease and stroke is greater when you have elevated systolic pressure. However, a study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that both types of elevated pressure influence your risk of having a stroke or heart attack.

A low systolic number means that your organs and tissues may not be getting enough blood and oxygen, but a low diastolic number indicates that there may not be enough pressure in your coronary arteries to adequately nourish your heart.

It's important to understand that your readings can vary depending on factors like your stress level, body position, physical condition, medications, and diet. In fact, your levels can fluctuate as much as 30 or 40 mm Hg over the course of the day. They will be lowest when you rest and higher when you exercise or experience stress. That's why, in order to accurately compare readings, it's essential to measure your blood pressure in similar circumstances every time.

Blood pressure is also very individualized. A level that is too low for someone else might be typical (and healthy) for you. However, you should worry about low blood pressure when you experience related symptoms .

Blood pressure vs. heart rate

Although they measure distinct things, blood pressure and heart rate are both significant indicators of how effectively your heart is functioning. Blood pressure, as mentioned above, is the power with which your blood flows through your arteries. The amount of times your heart beats every minute is known as heart rate (or pulse).

In adults, the resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Nonetheless, a healthy heart rate will vary from person to person, much like blood pressure does. For instance, a pulse that is slower than normal—below 60 beats per minute—might not bother you. (It can even be an indication that your physical condition is excellent.)

However, in some situations, a low pulse means that the heart is not circulating enough blood to satisfy the body's needs. That can cause you to feel dizzy and weak. A pulse in the 30s is a dangerously low heart rate and should be investigated.

The relationship between blood pressure and heart rate is complex. If you're concerned about your numbers, see your doctor.

Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure in Elderly Individuals

As long as you feel OK, a low blood pressure reading is generally nothing to worry about. Doctors are not usually concerned about a low BP in otherwise healthy individuals.

So, when is blood pressure too low? You should see your healthcare provider if you experience hypotension symptoms such as:

Dizziness
Blurry vision
Fatigue
Fainting (known as syncope)
Confusion or inability to concentrate
Nausea
An irregular or rapid heartbeat
Weakness
Pale, cold, clammy skin
Shallow breathing

A condition called orthostatic or postural hypotension is common among seniors. It's when a temporary, sudden drop in blood pressure happens after a rapid change of position, such as when you go from lying down or sitting to standing.

Under normal circumstances, some blood pools in your legs when you stand up, but your body compensates by telling your heart to beat faster. If such compensations are delayed or do not take place at all, your blood pressure can drop rapidly. That can cause you to become dizzy. Some estimates suggest that up to 50 percent of elderly adults experience orthostatic hypotension.

You may also become dizzy due to a sudden drop in blood pressure after eating, especially if you've had a large meal involving lots of carbohydrates. This is called postprandial hypotension. It, too, commonly affects older adults. It's particularly prevalent among seniors who have disorders that affect the autonomic nervous system, such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

Causes of Low Blood Pressure

Low blood pressure measurements can be explained by a number of circumstances. Because it affects blood volume, dehydration can result in low blood pressure. Low diastolic pressure but high systolic pressure can result from diabetes. A very low heart rate, or bradycardia, can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood to maintain a healthy pressure.

Medicines are another frequent factor in elderly people's low blood pressure. Diuretics, calcium channel blockers, alpha blockers, and beta blockers are examples of medications used to treat high blood pressure, but they can be overused and result in hypotension instead. In addition, some prescription drugs for depression, erectile dysfunction, and Parkinson's disease, such as levodopa and dopamine agonists, can cause low blood pressure. These drugs include imipramine and doxepin.

A sudden drop in blood pressure can be caused by severe infections, anaphylactic reactions, uncontrolled bleeding, or extreme dehydration due to fever, diarrhea, or vomiting. The plunge in blood pressure caused by such factors can be dangerous and even life-threatening.

To identify the cause of your low BP, your doctor may conduct:

A blood test to check for anemia or issues with your blood sugar levels.
An echocardiogram to obtain images of the shape and size of your heart and see how well it is functioning.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) to look for abnormalities in your heart's rhythm and pulse rate.
An exercise stress test to assess your heart's performance during periods of physical activity.
The Valsalva maneuver, which involves monitoring your blood pressure while you take a deep breath and attempt to blow out against your closed mouth. This allows your healthcare provider to check for issues with your autonomic nervous system.
A tilt table test, in which you are hooked up to blood pressure monitors and an ECG machine, then secured to a table that can rapidly switch you from a horizontal to an upright position. This enables your doctor to see how your blood pressure responds to the changes in your body position.

Treatment for elderly patients with low blood pressure

Treatment is probably not necessary if you are not concerned by the signs of low blood pressure. After all, a low BP by itself typically poses no threat. In fact, it's frequently interpreted as a sign of health.

You must act to address it if it is having an impact on your wellbeing. The underlying reason of low blood pressure in the elderly is first identified and then treated. Your doctor might be able to replace your prescription or vary the dosage if your medication regimen is the cause of your low blood pressure. (If you struggle to keep your medications organised, a pill organiser for seniors may be helpful.) If dehydration is at blame, replacing lost fluids might help.

In some cases, you may require medication specifically for your low BP. Two of the most commonly prescribed medicines are

fludrocortisone and midodrine. Fludrocortisone is a steroid that causes the body to retain sodium and fluid, thus increasing blood volume and raising blood pressure. Midodrine causes your blood vessels to resist expanding, thereby boosting blood pressure.

However, many people are able to manage their hypotension through diet and lifestyle changes rather than medical interventions. Here are some tips on how you can fix low blood pressure:

Drink more water. Consuming additional fluids can boost blood volume and prevent dehydration. Having a glass of water before you stand up or at the end of a meal can sometimes help avoid sudden drops in blood pressure. Sport drinks containing electrolytes can also help, but try to avoid ones with high amounts of sugar.
Limit the booze. Alcohol is dehydrating and can drive your blood pressure even lower.
Eat smaller meals more frequently. Going too long between meals can wreak havoc on your blood sugar levels. And indulging in heavy meals can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure as the blood moves from your brain to your intestines to help you digest your food. As a general guideline, it's a good idea to eat small amounts five or six times a day.
Choose your diet carefully. Cutting back on carbs (especially refined carbs such as white bread and pasta) may help keep you from feeling dizzy after you eat. Plus, foods that are high in folate and vitamin B-12 can help alleviate low blood pressure that is caused by anemia. Asparagus, legumes, leafy greens, eggs, and fortified cereals are good choices.
Increase your salt intake. Salt causes your body to retain fluid, which raises your blood pressure. Your doctor may recommend taking salt tablets or adding a bit of salt to your meals. Carrots, beets, and olives are a few examples of foods that have naturally higher levels of sodium. But be aware that potassium-rich foods like apricots and bananas lower blood pressure by causing you to lose sodium through your urine.
Make slower transitions. Change positions slowly and gradually. If you're lying down, sit up and dangle your feet or march your feet gently for a couple minutes before you try to stand. Once you're on your feet, stay still for a bit until you feel steady enough to walk.
Wear compression stockings . They promote better circulation by compressing the leg veins. This keeps blood from pooling in your lower legs and shifts it toward other areas of the body. Styles for both men and women are available.
Don't overheat. High temperatures cause blood vessels to dilate, which lowers blood pressure. Plus, sweating out fluids can cause reduced blood volume and dehydration. So be careful to stay out of the sun and don't do anything too strenuous when it's really warm. Avoid spending long periods of time in hot tubs or saunas. You might also want to keep a nonslip chair in the shower in case you feel dizzy.

Get a Handle on Your Health

Low blood pressure in elderly people has a wide variety of causes and effects. The information above can help you understand the danger signs and take appropriate steps to safeguard your well-being.

Is excessive daytime sleep a common symptom of dementia?

Tue, 28 Feb 2023 14:29:46 GMT

Particularly in the later stages, people with dementia may spend a lot of time sleeping. Caregivers, friends, and family members may occasionally worry about this. See the reasons why someone with dementia might sleep more than a typical person their age.

A person with dementia frequently spends a lot of time sleeping, both during the day and at night, especially in the latter stages. For the person's relatives and friends, this might occasionally be upsetting because they could be concerned that something is wrong.

The tendency to sleep more and more is a common sign of advanced dementia. A person's brain suffers more extensive damage as the condition worsens, and they progressively deteriorate and become frailer.

As a result, dementia sufferers may discover that performing very straightforward actions like eating, conversing, or attempting to grasp what is going on around them is quite demanding. As a result, if their symptoms worsen, they may sleep more during the day.

Sleepiness may be exacerbated by some drugs. Certain antipsychotics, antidepressants, antihistamines, and obviously sleeping drugs are among them.

Sleeping longer can also be influenced by sleep disorders unrelated to dementia, such as breathing irregularities during sleep (apnoea).

What should I do if a person with dementia is sleeping a lot?

The person's dementia is likely to be increasing if they are in the later stages and have gradually started sleeping more and more.

If, however, the excessive napping has started more recently or the person doesn't appear to be feeling well overall, there may be another reason.

If so, you should consult a doctor to rule out any illnesses or ailments that might be impairing the person's ability to sleep. Since that medications can have a variety of side effects, it may also be worthwhile to request a medication review from the GP or to consult a pharmacist.

Sleeping more during the day is typically not cause for concern, so long as the person doesn't appear to be in pain or distressed.

But, if a person spends the majority of their time lying down in bed asleep, they will need to be monitored to ensure they don't develop any physical health issues. In a care facility or hospice, this kind of care is typically provided by a health or social care professional. But, if the person is still residing at home, it is crucial to seek guidance on the appropriate course of action from your doctor or nurse.

Why is sleep impacted by dementia?

People with dementia frequently experience sleep issues. They may consist of:

sleeping during the day and being awake and restless during the night
becoming disorientated in the dark if they wake up to use the toilet
waking up more often and staying awake longer during the night
getting up in the early hours and thinking it’s day time or time to go to work (disorientation in time)
not being able to tell the difference between night and day.

Nobody fully comprehends why dementia alters sleep habits. Some people may experience sleepiness at the wrong time of day because their internal "biological clock," which determines what time it is, is damaged.

However, other brain regions that regulate our ability to stay awake might also sustain injury and cease to function effectively.

Dementia patients can experience a complete reversal of their typical sleep cycle, staying up all night and then sleeping all day.

Does quality of sleep matter for people with dementia?

The quality of a person's sleep gradually deteriorates as they get older. They tend to get less deep or ‘slow-wave’ sleep, which helps to keep the brain healthy and refreshed.

Even though a person with dementia may end up sleeping more than a typical person of their age – even as much as 14–15 hours a day – it is unlikely to all be good quality sleep.

Sleeping a lot can also be influenced by people’s sleeping patterns before they had dementia, as some people need more sleep than others.

Sleep for people who have dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease

Your sleep may be impacted by the type of dementia you have.

Individuals with Lewy body dementia, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are frequently lethargic during the day but have very restless and disruptive nights. Confusion, nightmares, and hallucinations are all possible for them. Common symptoms include insomnia, sleep apnea (difficulties breathing while asleep), and restless legs.

Certain types of dementia frequently cause a person to inadvertently "play out" their dreams by shouting and moving around in bed.

Even worse, they might hurt their sleeping companion or themselves. This is known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder, or RBD, and it typically starts to occur in the early stages of the illness.

This can be exhausting and often leaves the person feeling like they haven’t slept at all, so they are very tired and sleepy during the day.

It can be hard to stay awake during the day after a poor night’s sleep but, if possible, it’s best to try to limit sleep during the day to small bursts or ‘catnaps’. Otherwise the person’s body clock can become very confused and this makes sleeping well during the night even harder.

4 ways to spot a financial scam

Sun, 26 Feb 2023 15:18:43 GMT

Anyone can fall for a scam, but those who have dementia may be particularly susceptible because they may have difficulty managing their money and determining danger. They may be more susceptible to con artists as a result.

Why do we use the term "scams"?

When thieves con you into giving them access to your money, that is a scam. This can cost you money, but it can also make you feel terrified and guilty. You can safeguard your finances and yourself by being aware of the tricks con artists employ.

Scams come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Scammers can persuade you to purchase a fake item or spend money when you don't have to. To attempt to obtain your personal information, bank account information, or money transfers, they may pose as your bank, the police, or another reputable organisation. To do this, use a phone, email, letter, text message, or social media.

Scammers can also pretend to be someone they’re not, such as pretending they’re there to do building work on your house, in order to be let into your home to steal from you. It may seem scary but there are ways to keep yourself safe.

There are four techniques to stay away from con artists.

1. Be cautious when shopping online

Online shopping is becoming more widespread. Although it can be a time-saving method of shopping, there have been tales of consumers ordering products that never showed up. Some dishonest merchants create fictitious online businesses in order to steal money. When buying online, it's crucial to make sure you're remaining safe and avoiding these scams.

Tip - Make sure the firm you're purchasing from is legitimate.

Through GOV.UK, you may look up a company's information. This will reveal whether or not they are a registered business. Spend a few minutes reviewing the website before making a purchase if it's one you haven't used before. Start by looking up the terms and conditions. There should be a street name in the company's address rather than merely a post office box.
Look up what others have said about the business. Don't rely on reviews the company has posted on its own website; instead, seek for reviews on several websites like Which?
Use a credit card if you have one if you decide to proceed with the transaction and the item costs more than £100 because, in the event that something goes wrong, you might have a legal claim for credit card payments made beyond that amount. Speak to your bank even if you used a debit card or paid less money.
Don't rely on the presence of a padlock in your browser's address bar to confirm that you are making a purchase from a legitimate business.

2. Acquire awareness about phishing scams.

Emails sent by scammers may appear to be from a reputable business, government agency, utility company, or financial organisation.

They try to fool you into clicking on a dangerous link in the email, after which they request sensitive data like personal and financial information from you. Phishing is the term for this.

Scammers frequently email potential victims requesting them to transfer money to another account, make a payment, or offer personal or financial information while posing as your bank or utility provider.

Tip - Observe caution when clicking.

Don't click on links or download anything if you unexpectedly receive an email from a business with an odd email address or one that has never emailed you before asking for money or payment. By doing this, you can get a virus on your computer. To increase your protection, make sure your antivirus software is up to date.
Visit a company's website to learn how to contact them there if you are unsure whether an email you received from them is legitimate (using the telephone number or email address provided).
If you receive an email which seems too good to be true or is trying to make you take urgent action, stop and think if it could be a scam. Ask someone you trust for a second opinion.

3. Stay safe from people at your door pretending to be someone they’re not

Scammers can also approach your house and pretend to be someone they’re not. This could be someone pretending they’re there to do building work on your house but really they want to be let into your home so they can steal from you.

Tip - Remember it's okay to keep the door closed to strangers.

If you have an unexpected visitor at your door, always ask to see their ID.
If someone claims to be from a recognised organisation, then don’t be afraid to ask to see proof or check with the organisation itself.
If possible, call a friend or family member to let them know that someone has come to the house you don’t recognise and discuss why they have called.
Don’t be afraid to shut the front door while you check they are who they say they are. If visitors are genuine, they will understand.
Consider putting a ‘no cold callers’ sign on your front door. You may be able to get one from your local council. They are also available online.

4. Be cautious when using the phone.

Scammers may also call you and pose as someone else. This is frequently your bank or utility company trying to gain your sensitive information like your PIN or password. Never divulge personal details to a complete stranger.

It's crucial to protect oneself secure and recognise when the conversation should cease. If you are uncertain, don't be scared to end the call.

Tip - Contact your provider to ask how they might contact you.

If you receive a letter, email, text or phone call you’re unsure about, which seems too good to be true, or needs urgent action, ask someone you trust for a second opinion.
A real bank or organisation will never contact you out of the blue asking for your PIN, full password or to move money to another account. Check your bank or utility provider’s website or call them to see how they will and won’t communicate with you. For example, find out what type of security questions they’ll ask if they phone you.
Don’t feel pressured to act straight away. Take your time and seek advice if you receive a call asking you to do something you’re not sure about.
Unwanted sales and marketing calls can be stopped for free by signing up to the Telephone Preference Service . Most junk mail can also be stopped by opting out at the Mailing Preference Service .
Never let somebody talk you into downloading software, or to log on to your computer or other devices, such as your mobile phone or a tablet, remotely during or after a cold call.

Getting support with scams

Scammers use clever, high-pressure tactics so you shouldn’t feel ashamed if you have been scammed. There is help available.

If you're worried you’ve been scammed or given your details to the wrong people, tell someone close to you, and report it to your bank and the police straight away.

Why A Good Exercise Routine Is So Important For Seniors

Fri, 17 Feb 2023 13:16:24 GMT

Regular exercise benefits people of all ages, even those over 65, according to a number of studies. Sadly, many elderly people do not exercise as often as they ought to, which eventually has a severe impact on their health and wellness. Yet, seniors who maintain a regular exercise schedule frequently live longer, happier, and healthier lives. It is crucial to motivate senior family members to exercise frequently for a variety of reasons.

How Elderly Can Benefit from Regular Exercise

Whether it's a lack of energy, issues with balance and coordination, or the onset of arthritis, the ageing process may be difficult on the body. However, regular exercise can undoubtedly make the symptoms of ageing much more bearable, even though there is no known way to totally prevent them from occurring. With that said, listed below are a few advantages exercise has for seniors:

Helps Prevent Falls

One-in-three at-home seniors experience a severe fall every year, and often poor balance and coordination is a contributing factor. Most low-impact forms of exercise improve an older person’s balance and coordination, thereby reducing their likelihood to fall.

Sharpens Mental Acuity

One of the biggest fears for seniors is being diagnosed with dementia , and studies have shown that a sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for developing cognitive impairment. On the other hand, researchers have found that regular exercise helps sharpen a senior’s mental acuity and concentration, both of which help protect them against dementia.

Increases Bone Strength

Older adults commonly get osteoporosis and broken bones. However, weight-bearing exercises like walking or Yoga, help increase bone strength. This reduces the likelihood of developing osteoporosis and experiencing a bone fracture.

Lowers Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Exercise raises a participant’s heart rate, which helps protect them from cardiovascular disease. Studies have also found that following a good exercise routine also helps normalize a senior’s blood pressure and blood sugar, which also lowers their risk of having a stroke.

Reduces Stress

Many seniors feel stressed out, and exercise stimulates the release of “feel good” hormones known as endorphins that act as natural stress relievers. In addition to feeling happier and more satisfied, endorphins also help a senior get a better night’s sleep .

Improves Flexibility

As the body ages, joint flexibility diminishes. That can make even the most simple activities, like driving a car or getting dressed, very unpleasant at times. Stretching and working out regularly improves flexibility and helps promote a more active lifestyle.

Boosts Immunity

The older a person gets, the harder it is for their body to fight off illnesses like the flu or a UTI . But research shows that participating in regular exercise boosts a senior’s immune system, which helps protect their bodies against pesky microbes.

Promotes Social Interaction

Joining a local senior-focused fitness center is a great way to make new friends. Doing so can also help to ward off feelings of loneliness and depression that can result from social isolation.

Longevity

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), leading a sedentary lifestyle is one of the leading causes of death and disability. On the other hand, exercising regularly can increase a person’s lifespan by up to 5 years.

Healthy Exercises for Older Adults

High-impact forms of exercise like powerlifting or running, are generally not recommended for older adults. But there are several fun, lower-impact ways for them to get regular exercise, such as:

Walking
Chair or water aerobics
Tai Chi or Yoga
Certain forms of dancing
Bouncing on an exercise ball or mini-trampoline
Working out with hand and ankle weights, or resistance bands.

Distinguished Professional Carers Can Help Seniors With Exercise

E nsuring that an elderly loved one can get a sufficient amount of exercise can be hard when busy or live far away. When you need a hand , call D istinguished Care Services, a CQC regulated and accredited Home Care agency. Our highly-trained Professional Carers love helping seniors exercise so they can continue aging comfortably in place. While serving as an extended family in a senior’s home, the carefully screened caregivers can also perform duties, including personal hygiene care, meal preparation, light housework, transportation, and medication reminders.

Please know that all of the reliable in-home amenities can be personalized into an affordable package when and where needed, Contact Us today to learn why D istinguished is the preferred Home Care company in Clacton On Sea and the surrounding areas.

The Positive Impact Of Social Media For Senior Citizens

Fri, 17 Feb 2023 13:00:45 GMT

The power of social media has made it possible to connect with loved ones and make new friends anywhere in the world. Social media usage among seniors has increased significantly.

Because of a persistent illness, a handicap, or other circumstances, many seniors 65 and older are housebound. This makes it more difficult for them to interact with other people. Seniors who are confined to their homes might learn from carers how to use social media efficiently. The elderly may have better lives as a result of this involvement. Sociologists have researched the advantages of social media for seniors and discovered several advantages.

Why Seniors Become Socially Isolated

A common problem in the elderly, social isolationism typically results from one or more of these issues:

Loneliness caused by the death of a spouse or close friend
Depression due to a chronic medical condition
Difficulty accepting and coping with the aging process
Lack-of-mobility
Feeling dissatisfied and bored after retirement
Stress brought on by financial problems
Moving to another town, or struggling to deal with adult children who have moved away
Having to rely on caregivers to perform activities of daily living

A senior loved one who continues down a path of social isolation may have increasingly serious health issues, such as an increased risk of developing the dementia linked to Alzheimer's. Hence, social media can be a priceless motivational tool if it is difficult to leave the house due to physical restrictions.

Identify The Social Media For Seniors Objectives

There are numerous social media platforms available, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Helping a loved one set up an account on the right one(s) depends on whether-or-not they want to use social media for:

Staying connected with family and friends
Keeping up with what is new in the community
Finding online discounts and deals from businesses
Learning about healthcare providers and innovations
Other hobbies/interests they might have
Interacting with others daily or on a less-frequent basis

Once a loved one connects to one or more social networks, it is time to sit back and watch. Most importantly, it is a game-changer for their health and wellbeing. If they want to try one platform at first, Facebook is popular with seniors and accomplishes all the above goals.

The Benefits of Social Media For Seniors

Based on research , these are some of the main ways social media for seniors is beneficial:

Staying Connected with Family - Today’s families are more geographically spread out than ever before. As kids and grandchildren move away, social media allows them to stay connected and current in their lives. For example, photos and highlights from birthday parties, weddings, graduations, and other important events can be shared within seconds with a senior, therefore making them feel loved and appreciated.
Cultivating Friendships - There are many stories in the media about long-lost schoolmates or military buddies reuniting on Facebook after many years. Social media is an excellent way for seniors to cultivate new friendships built around shared interests, or share memories with old friends. And, a feature like Facetime makes the interaction all that more enjoyable!
Entertainment Value - Laughing at a new joke, reliving the past through clips of old TV shows and movies, playing games or reading news articles are all now possible through social media.
Educational Opportunities - Social media not only makes seniors aware of continuing education opportunities out in the community, but many social media sites are also committed to keeping members updated about new scientific breakthroughs, current events and the world in general. And, learning new things at any age keeps the mind sharper.
Inspire Civic Pride - Social media can also inspire generational movements and raise awareness about important issues. Engaging in social media actively involves seniors with these civic movements, filling them with a sense of purpose and pride.

Helping Seniors Stay Active And Engaged

It might be difficult to keep an ageing loved one engaged and active at home. But, this challenge is particularly acute when one manages a household or lives far away. If you ever require help, think about contacting Distinguished Care Services . Our carefully vetted and highly skilled professional carers are able to give seniors the social interaction they deserve because we are a CQC-regulated and licenced home care business. As a result, seniors can continue to age comfortably in place in the home of their choice.

In addition to c ompanionship, our h ome care services include light housekeeping, personal care, meal preparation, medication reminders, and transportation. To learn how Distinguished Care Services can help ensure the social engagement, as well as the safety of an aging, loved one, give us a call at 01255 421621 or contact us online to schedule a complimentary initial consultation with our Senior Management Team.

Beware of door step scammers

Wed, 15 Feb 2023 14:34:33 GMT

Older adults are frequently the target of doorstep scams. We'll demonstrate how to defend yourself and remain secure at your doorstep.

What is a doorstep scam?

When someone knocks on your door and attempts to rob you of your money or break into your house, it is called a doorstep scam.

Doorstep con artists aren't always demanding and convincing; they sometimes come off as charming or kind. Therefore, especially if you live alone, it's crucial to exercise caution while answering the door when you're not expecting anyone.

It can be quite simple to become a victim of a scam, but if you know what to look out for, you can avoid becoming a victim.

What are some common types of doorstep scams?

There are many different types of doorstep scams, some of the most common ones include:

Rogue traders: A cold-caller may offer you a service you don’t really need. They may claim to have noticed something about your property that needs work or improvement, such as the roof, and offer to fix it for cash or an inflated price.
Bogus officials: People claim to be from your utility company as a way of gaining access to your home. Always check the ID of any official, and if they're genuine they won't mind waiting while you check.
Fake charity collections : A fraudster may pretend they're from a charity and ask you to donate money, clothes or household goods. Legitimate charities will all have a charity number that can be checked on the Charity Commission website .
Made-up consumer surveys: Some scammers ask you to complete a survey so they can get hold of your personal details, or use it as a cover for persuading you to buy something you don’t want or need.
Hard luck stories: Someone may come to your door and ask you to help them out with cash, ask to use your telephone or claim they're feeling unwell. The story is made up and intended to con you out of your money or gain access to your home.

How can I protect myself from doorstep scams?

There are things you can do to feel safer when answering the door, such as:

Putting up a deterrent sign. You could put a ‘no cold callers’ sign up on your door or window, which should deter any cold callers from knocking on your door.
Setting up passwords for utilities. You can set up a password with your utility companies to be used by anyone they send round to your home. Phone your utility company to find out how to do this.
Nominating a neighbour. Find out if you have a nominated neighbour scheme where a neighbour can help to make sure if callers are safe.

If someone does come to the door, it's important to remember the following:

Only let someone in if you're expecting them or they're a trusted friend, family member or professional. Don’t feel embarrassed about turning someone away.
Don’t feel pressured . Don’t agree to sign a contract or hand over money at the door. Think about it and talk to someone you trust.
Check their credentials . You should always check someone's credentials - a genuine person won't mind. You can phone the company they represent or check online, but never used contact details they give you.
Don’t share your PIN . Never disclose your PIN number or let anyone persuade you to hand over your bank card or withdraw cash.
Call the police. Call the police non-emergency number 101 if you’re not in immediate danger but want to report an incident. But call 999 if you feel threatened or in danger.

What should I do if a doorstep fraud has victimised me?

The methods that con artists use to deceive people are continuously evolving, and doorstep scams are no exception. Don't be ashamed to report a scam if you've been the victim of one. Anyone can experience it.

Contact Action Fraud and the police to report the scam. Action Fraud may be able to find the con artist with the information you provide.

What is diabetes

Tue, 14 Feb 2023 14:20:42 GMT

A person with diabetes develops an excessive increase in blood glucose levels. Type 1 and type 2 are the two primary types.

Why does diabetes develop?

Our blood glucose levels are regulated by the hormone insulin, which is made in the pancreas. It transports the bloodstream's glucose production from food into our cells, where it can be used as energy.

If you have diabetes, though, your body won't create enough insulin or do so in a way that is effective enough to finish this process.

Although glucose is essential because it is our primary source of energy, having too much of it in the bloodstream might have negative effects on your health.

What are the different types of diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong condition which affects around 1 in 10 people in the UK. As with other types of diabetes, it occurs when the pancreas is producing little or no insulin.

We don't know the exact cause of type 1 diabetes, but know that it's not linked to age, diet or lifestyle.

It's thought that genetics can play a role, as well as other environmental factors.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is also caused by blood glucose levels being too high because the insulin produced by the pancreas can't work as it should or your pancreas can't make enough insulin. About 9 in 10 people with diabetes in the UK have type 2.

There are many different causes, but unlike type 1 diabetes, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes does increase as you get older, especially if:

you're overweight
you've ever had high blood pressure
a close family member has diabetes
you're of South Asian, African-Caribbean or Black African descent.

The most likely factor is a family history of type 2 diabetes.

What are the main symptoms of diabetes?

The main signs of diabetes are:

feeling very thirsty
going to the toilet more than usual
feeling very tired
weight loss
blurred vision
cuts or wounds that take a while to heal.

Over a longer period, high blood glucose can damage your heart, eyes, feet and kidneys, so it's important to contact a doctor if you're worried that you have any of these symptoms.

They can test you for diabetes – this is usually a simple urine and blood test. The sooner you're diagnosed, the sooner you can begin to manage the condition.

Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood or in young adulthood, but the symptoms of type 2 can develop slowly.

How is diabetes treated?

Being diagnosed with diabetes can be difficult to deal with. There isn’t currently a cure for diabetes, but we've come a long way and it's now a condition that many people live long and full lives with.

The type of treatment you will receive will depend on the type of diabetes you have:

Type 1 diabetes is treated by taking insulin – either by an injection or a pump. It's important to test your blood glucose regularly – especially before and after meals – to make sure the blood glucose levels are not too high or too low. With the right treatment, type 1 diabetes can be managed.
Type 2 diabetes is treated by taking medicine that’s prescribed by your doctor to lower the amount of glucose in your blood to a safer level. They may also advise that you eat healthier, lose weight and be more active. Type 2 diabetes can be managed and potentially reversed with the right treatment and care.

What is prediabetes?

Prediabetes means your blood sugar levels are higher than they should be and, although they aren't high enough for you to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, it does mean you're at a high risk of developing it. It isn't a clinical term, but you might hear it used so it's good to know what it means.

Having prediabetes doesn’t mean you will definitely get type 2 diabetes, but it's a good time to make changes to your lifestyle by trying to eat healthier and be more active.

How can I reduce my risk of diabetes?

Unfortunately, type 1 diabetes can't be prevented and is usually diagnosed early in life. But it's possible to control it and live well through a combination of monitoring blood glucose levels and injecting insulin.

There are things you can do to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes as you get older by improving your diet and lifestyle.

Please do read 5 ways to cut your risk of diabetes article for tips on how you can reduce your chances of developing the condition.

A guide to hearing loss

Tue, 14 Feb 2023 13:32:23 GMT

In the UK, almost 40% of adults over 50 have some degree of hearing loss. Since hearing loss typically occurs gradually, you might not immediately notice any changes.

What is hearing loss?

Hearing loss is a reduced ability to hear. You may find you need the TV volume to be louder or that you can’t always hear people talking, especially in a crowd.

What causes hearing loss in older age?

Most people who experience hearing loss as they get older do so because of wear and tear to the tiny hair cells in the inner ear.

There are also other factors that can cause hearing loss, such as:

regular exposure to loud noise
a history of middle ear disease
a family history of hearing loss.

Some people have a condition called tinnitus , which causes you to have persistent noises such as ringing or buzzing. This can also be linked to hearing loss.

How can I be tested for hearing loss?

If you've recently noticed problems with your hearing, the first step is to talk to your doctor and explain how these problems are affecting your day to day life.

Your doctor can carry out some basic tests to check for temporary, treatable ear problems, such as a build-up of ear wax or an ear infection. Your doctor will have a look into your ears using a medical instrument with a light at one end.

If there is no obvious cause of hearing loss, your doctor can refer you for a hearing assessment with an audiologist or an ear nose and throat (ENT) specialist. They will look into your ears and test your hearing to see how well you can detect different levels of sound. This assessment will help find the cause of your hearing loss and what treatments would work best.

Your hearing assessment will indicate if a hearing aid would help you and which type would work best for you.

How can a hearing aid help me?

Hearing aids work by making sounds louder and clearer. They will not restore your hearing to normal, or cure your hearing loss, but they can make life much easier.

They pick up sound and make it louder with an amplifier. They are fitted with devices, which can distinguish between foreground noise, such as conversation, and background noise, such as traffic.

How can I get a free NHS hearing aid?

You will need a GP referral for a hearing assessment with an NHS service. If your hearing assessment shows that a hearing aid will be helpful, then you are eligible for a free hearing aid. Most hearing aids prescribed through the NHS are digital and usually ‘behind the ear’ types.

NHS services are located in hospitals or health centres. In some areas of England, the NHS asks some private companies to carry out hearing tests and dispense hearing aids on its behalf.

Most people find NHS aids very helpful, but not all types of aids are available. It can be a good idea to try a free NHS aid and see if it suits you, before thinking about buying one.

Are there different types of hearing aid?

Hearing aids differ in shape, size and price. With modern technology, aids are getting smaller and more discreet – some aids fit entirely inside the ear. Smaller aids are also easy to insert in your ear, but they can be fiddly to adjust because of the very small controls.

Some aids have additional features to improve hearing. For example, some digital aids can clear unwanted background noise. Ask the hearing aid dispenser about any additional benefits or features of the aids available.

Your audiologist should advise which model should suit you. Ask if you can trial your hearing aid for a few weeks to make sure it’s comfortable and helpful. Make sure you can confidently put it on, take it off, change the volume level and change the batteries.

When you use a hearing aid for the first time, everyday sounds may seem quite loud. It could take you a couple of months to get used to hearing sounds with your hearing aid. If at any stage the sound is uncomfortable and you can’t wear the hearing aids, it is best to return to your audiologist for advice.

How can assistive devices help my hearing?

Special equipment can be installed in your home to amplify sound and help you hear well. These can be helpful if you don’t want to use a hearing aid. Examples include:

a loop system connected to your TV or radio to make sound louder
a telephone amplifier
adjustments to alarms or doorbells to make them louder, flash or vibrate.

You might be eligible for this equipment on free loan through your local social services department. Your eligibility will depend on your hearing loss and you will be assessed by sensory support staff.

Equipment can also be purchased privately. Some equipment will have a money-back guarantee so you can return it if it’s not helpful. You can buy a range of products from the Action on Hearing Loss online shop .

How can lip-reading help my hearing?

If you have hearing loss, lip-reading can be a very useful aid to hearing. Going to a local lip-reading class may improve your skills, and your confidence.

Lip-reading is a skill which most people use unconsciously to some degree. We usually focus on another person's face and lips if we are having difficulty hearing what they are saying (often because of intrusive background noise). We do this in an attempt to search for visual clues as to what the speaker is saying.

Are there any benefits I can claim?

If your hearing loss has an impact on your day-to-day life then you may be able to claim these benefits or concessions:

How to download apps - Just in case you are unsure?

Mon, 13 Feb 2023 15:42:21 GMT

Applications, sometimes known as apps, are a category of software that you can download to your tablet or smartphone. Many of the thousands of apps that are readily available allow you to perform a wide range of tasks, including online banking and shopping, reading the news, playing games, and keeping in touch with friends and family.

How do I download apps on an Android phone or tablet?

Phones and tablets from lots of different brands fall into the bracket of Android devices. Android is the name of the software that the device uses to function. These brands include Alcatel, Google, HTC, LG, Moto, Samsung and Sony.

You can download apps from the Play Store. This is an official, pre-installed program on Android devices, which gives you access to apps.

Open the Play Store in your phone or tablet's menu by tapping on the Play Store icon.
You'll need to either set up a Google account or log in to your Google account – this is the account you use to access other Google services like Gmail.
Search for the app you want to download – either by typing in the search bar at the top, or browsing through the apps on the screen.
Tap on the name of the app.
Tap install (if the app is free).
If the app isn't free, tap on the price. You can then add a payment method to your Google account and pay for the app.
The app will download then automatically be added to your menu and your home screen. If you have a lot of apps on your home screen, you can run out of room for new icons and you'll need to 'swipe' across the page to see the new icon.

You might also click on a link on a trusted organisation's webpage to download an app, and this will take you directly to the Play Store.

Remember :

make sure you are connected to a wireless internet network (Wi-Fi) before downloading any apps, otherwise you might use a lot of data which could result in additional charges from your mobile phone network.

Is your device Android or Apple?

If your device is an iPhone or iPad, then it is an Apple device and will have the Apple logo on the back. All other phones and tablet brands are more than likely to be Android devices. If you aren't sure, then here's some things ways to find out:

Check the handbook that came with the device.
Search for the brand of your device online.
Go to your phone menu > tap settings > tap system > tap about phone – the Android version will be listed.

How do I download apps on an iPhone or iPad?

If you have an iPhone or iPad, then you can download apps from the App Store. This is an official, pre-installed program on Apple devices, which gives you access to apps.

Open the App Store in your iPhone or iPad's menu by tapping on the App Store icon.
You'll first need to either set up an Apple ID or log to your Apple ID account – this is the account you use to access Apple services.
Search for the app you want to download – either by typing in the search bar at the top, or browsing through the apps on the screen.
Tap on the name of the app.
Tap get (if the app is free).
If the app isn't free, tap on the price. You can then add a payment method to your Apple ID and pay for the app.
The app will download then automatically be added to your menu. If you have a lot of apps in your menu, you can run out of room for new icons and you'll need to 'swipe' across the page to see the new icon.

You might also click on a link on a trusted organisation's webpage to download an app, and this will take you directly to the App Store.

How do I know which apps are safe?

The majority of apps available on the Play Store or App Store are secure to download, and the stores work to get rid of any dubious ones. But regrettably, some do get past the security measures, and these may be computer viruses or attempt to access your personal or financial data.

There are also phoney apps that are created to look just like well-known apps like WhatsApp. This deceives users into downloading them, after which the app floods the phone with advertisements or malware.

Follow our tips below to know what to look for to keep your phone and information safe:

Check how many people have downloaded the app . Next to the app in the Play Store or App Store, you can see how many people have downloaded it. If an app has been downloaded millions or billions of times, then it's likely to be safe. Be wary of apps with only a few hundred or thousand downloads – they may not be genuine.
Read the reviews and check the ratings . Each app has a user rating and reviews that you can read. Be cautious about downloading apps with negative reviews.
Read the description . Look out for spelling mistakes or anything which doesn't seem quite right. If something doesn't feel genuine, it probably isn't.
Double check the source . Only download apps from reputable sources (the company that made the app). Underneath the name of the app, you can tap on the source, check which other apps they provide, and view their ratings too.

How do I avoid additional costs?

Although many apps can be used to their full potential without cost, some may require payment. Pay attention to in-app purchases. It is possible to buy apps or items from within an app without entering any further information once you have added a payment method to your Google account or Apple ID. As a result, it is simple to lose track of your spending. Learn how to stop this on both Apple and Android devices.

What happens if I run out of storage on my device?

Apps take up storage space, and some phones and tablets have limited amounts of storage space. This is measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB). If you run out of storage space on your phone, you won't be able to download any new apps or update existing apps.

Here are some tips for freeing up storage space:

Delete apps that you don't use regularly. You can do this by going to the app in the Play Store or App Store and tapping uninstall.
It's not just apps that take up space. Old photos, videos and messages take up space, so you can delete what you don't need anymore.
You can back up photos and videos to a 'Cloud' service, like Google Photos. This means they are stored in an online folder so you can delete them from your phone without losing them.

Cold weather advice and tips

Mon, 13 Feb 2023 15:10:05 GMT

Fortunately, the UK doesn't experience particularly awful weather all that frequently. But if we're warned to expect extreme weather, particularly winter storms, ice, or snow, it's worth making sure you're ready.

Simple measures to combat the cold in the UK...

Keep an eye on the weather forecast. Download the Met Office App for up-to-date weather forecasts at your fingertips.

If bad weather is forecast, make sure you have everything you need. Check you've got enough medication and food in case it's harder to leave the house. A bottle of water could be handy if the water supply is interrupted.

Have torches handy around the home in case of a power cut. It's a good idea to keep some spare batteries somewhere convenient, too.

Keep emergency numbers nearby. Call 105 in the event of a power cut – you can report a power cut and get information and advice if there's one in your area. You can also register with your supplier's Priority Services Register so they'll call you in the event of a power cut.

Take extra care if the ground is slippery. Wear shoes with good grip and consider keeping salt and sand mixture handy to grit paths. You could ask your neighbours for help to clear paths or driveways in bad weather – most people are more than happy to help.

Plan ahead when driving. Try to avoid going out in the car in bad weather if possible, and make sure you follow advice on driving conditions near you. If you do need to go out, pack up the following kit in case you get stuck: blankets, a bottle of water or flask of hot drink, some snacks, a shovel, a de-icer or scraper, a mobile phone and charger.

Look out for cold weather alerts in England

Cold weather alerts from the Met Office provide advance notice of impending cold weather conditions, allowing you to take extra safety measures to stay healthy and safe. From November 1 to March 31 each year, they are in operation in England in collaboration with the UK Health Security Agency.

When winter weather is most likely to have a substantial negative impact on people's health, the Met Office issues cold weather advisories. Consequently, when one of the following occurs:

The average temperature falls below 2°C for 48 hours or longer.
There's heavy snow and/or widespread ice.

You can find the alerts on the Met Office website and the weather warnings on their Twitter feed and on TV and radio.

Little Tips When Preparing For A Hospital Stay

Sun, 12 Feb 2023 11:02:44 GMT

A hospital stay can be a challenging time for you and your loved ones. You could be admitted to the hospital as a result of an emergency or for scheduled procedures or examinations. A little planning might ease the process if your treatment is scheduled.

Can I pick my own hospital to go to?

You typically have a choice of which hospital to attend to and which medical team you'd like to treat you if your doctor refers you to a hospital consultant. You can select the hospital or clinic of your choice and schedule your first outpatient visit via the NHS e-referral system (formerly known as Choose and Book).

You might find it helpful to consider the following while selecting a hospital or medical group:

Know somebody who has received care there? How did they feel?
How quickly can someone spot you?
How simple is it to drive there or take public transportation there?
Are the location and hours of operation convenient for guests?
Is there adequate and affordable car parking?

When receiving scheduled treatment, you'll frequently be contacted by phone or in-person for a pre-admissions assessment appointment. During this appointment, you'll receive guidance on:

if you should eat or drink anything on the day of the examination or treatment
if you ought to take your typical medication that day
how long you anticipate staying
methods to facilitate your own healing
if you'll require company the first night you spend at home.

What if I require transportation to the hospital?

You might be eligible for free NHS transportation if your health makes it impossible for you to use the automobile or the public transportation system. For your initial hospital visit, speak with your GP, who can make arrangements for this. You might possibly be able to get in touch with a nearby volunteer driving service.

You might be qualified for assistance with hospital transportation fees if you get certain benefits or have a low income.

What should I bring with me to the hospital?

As well as nightwear and toiletries, remember to pack:

Your appointment card or admission letter,
some cash for phone calls or purchases from the hospital store,
all of your regular medications in their original packaging,
if possible, a notebook and pen to jot down any questions you have,
your address book, which should include the name and contact information for your general practitioner,
and some reading material to pass the time, such as books or magazines.

It's a good idea to take a bath or shower, wash your hair, trim your nails, and put on clean clothes before visiting the hospital.

How can I organise my home so it’s ready for my return from hospital?

If your hospital stay in planned it’s a good idea to make a few arrangements so that your home is ready for your return from hospital.

These are some tips:

Think about where you'll be spending most of your time when you come out of hospital and put items you use regularly, such as your TV remote control, radio or box of tissues in easy reach.
Stock up on drinks and foods that are easy to prepare – such as frozen ready meals.
Check you have other essential items including basic painkillers for when you return.
Ask a friend or relative to stay with you or visit you when you return from hospital.
Check your home insurance to see whether the terms change if your home is unoccupied for a certain period of time. It's also a good idea to ask someone you trust to check on your home while you’re away.

What happens if I’m admitted to hospital in an emergency?

I f you have a fall , a su spected heart attack or a stroke, you may be taken to a hospital A&E department.

The hospital will assess you and decide how best to treat you, taking into account your general health and how it might have contributed to your current situation. Once you’ve been assessed you may be:

treated and then allowed to go home if support can be provided at home
moved to a Clinical Decisions Unit (CDU) to be monitored or have tests done to help medical staff decide if you need to be admitted to hospital
admitted to hospital.

If you're admitted to hospital and have agreed to the treatment you need, the staff should be able to give you an estimated date of discharge.

Will my benefits stop while I’m in hospital?

Your State Pension doesn’t change, no matter how long you’re in hospital. But some payments are suspended if you're in hospital for more than 28 days:

If you transfer from hospital to a care home or community hospital for free short-term support known as intermediate care , this counts towards the 28-day limit.

If you receive Pension Credit , suspension of these benefits can affect the amount of Pension Credit you receive. When you leave hospital, you may be eligible to receive these benefits again. However, if your Pension Credit award stops and you're part of a couple where one of you is under State Pension age, you may not be able to reclaim Pension Credit.

Contact the office that pay s your benefits to let them know you're in hospital. Then let them know when you leave hospital. You’ll need to quote the number on your award letter for the benefits you receive.

If your stay in hospital is funded entirely by yourself or privately, you should continue to receive these benefits. You should contact the office paying your benefits to let them know.

Eye Health

Fri, 10 Feb 2023 12:45:14 GMT

Vision issues can increase the risk of falling, car accidents, and improper drug use. They may also make daily life more difficult. Regular eye exams are the greatest approach to ensure the health of your eyes. If caught early, many eye conditions are easily treatable.

Despite the coronavirus pandemic and the fears of going into hospital that it has brought with it, it's very important to continue attending scheduled eye appointments or to seek advice for sudden changes in your vision.

What are some common eye diseases that can affect me?

Certain eye diseases are more common as we age. These include:

glaucoma
cataracts
macular degeneration.

Eye diseases don’t always cause obvious symptoms. An eye test by an optician doesn’t just check to see whether you need glasses – it’s also an important check on the health of your eyes.

An optician can detect eye diseases at an early stage, usually before you’ve even noticed any changes. An eye test checks your vision straight ahead, as well as your side (peripheral) vision.

How often should I get my eyes tested?

You should have an eye test every two years or as often as your optician recommends. If you notice any changes in your vision, get it checked as soon as possible.

If it's difficult for you to get out and about, ask your GP or optician if there's a home visiting optician local to you.

What type of glasses are best for me?

If your optician recommends you need glasses, they must give you a prescription, which shows the type and strength of lenses you need. You can use this prescription to buy glasses from any supplier, which means you can shop around for the best value.

Your optician can talk to you about the different types of lenses available and which are most suitable for your eyes. There are different types of lenses and extra features – bifocals, trifocals, varifocals, tinting – to suit different types of vision problems and lifestyles.

Wherever you buy your glasses, make sure you have the right lenses. Wearing the wrong glasses can make you more likely to get eye strain, misjudge kerbs or distances, or trip over obstacles.

Don’t be tempted to buy less expensive, ready-made reading glasses from a supermarket or pharmacy. It’s rare for both your eyes to need the same correction and they’re often less durable.

Am I entitled to free eye tests?

Everyone aged 60 and over can receive a free eye test every two years.

You'll get a free annual sight test at any age if you have a close family member who has been diagnosed with glaucoma or you’ve been advised by an ophthalmologist that you are at risk of glaucoma.

You'll also get a free annual eye test at any age if you have been diagnosed with diabetes. You should also be offered an additional annual eye test to check for signs of diabetic retinopathy.

Am I entitled to free glasses?

If you're on Pension Credit Guarantee Credit, you and your partner are automatically entitled to a voucher towards the cost of glasses or contact lenses.

If you or your partner receive Universal Credit and meet certain other criteria, you may also be eligible for help with health costs.

If you and your partner have a low income and savings, you may be able to get help towards the cost of glasses or contact lenses through the NHS Low Income scheme.

How can I keep my eyes healthy?

Here are some tips to keep your eyes healthy:

Get regular eye tests.
Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun.
Eat healthily, particularly plenty of fruit and vegetables which have specific nutrients that are important for eye health.
Stop smoking. Smoking is harmful to eyes – research has shown that smoking increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataracts. Cigarette smoke irritates the eyes and will worsen dry eyes.

What aids can help me at home if I have a visual impairment?

There are a number of optical aids and gadgets that can help improve your vision and keep you living independently. You’re most likely to need different types for specific activities, such as reading a book or watching television.

The simplest optical aids are special magnifiers, which can help with tasks such as reading a newspaper. Magnifiers may be hand-held, have their own stand, or may be built into your glasses.

Other aids include:

computer screen magnifiers
big button telephones
large print books and newspapers
talking books
large print board games and card games
screen readers
talking watches.

For advice on optical aids, ask your doctor or eye specialist to refer you to a low-vision clinic, where specialist staff can assess which aids would help you most and suggest ways to make the best possible use of the sight you have.

They can usually loan any equipment to you for you to try out. If you register as blind or partially sighted, your local authority should contact you for an assessment.

The British Wireless for the Blind Fund can supply free radios and audio equipment to people who are registered as sight-impaired or severely sight-impaired, and in financial need.

How can lighting help me if I have low vision?

Follow these simple tips to make the most of your lighting at home.

Keep your windows clean and pull the curtains back as far as possible.
Consider switching away from curtains to blinds, which make it easier to control the light that comes into your home.
Make sure you have good lighting at the top and bottom of stairs.
Use a flexible table lamp for reading or close work.

Where possible, opt for fluorescent lamps - they're very efficient, produce a lot of light, but very little heat.

How do I register as blind or partially sighted?

Your optician or GP will need to refer you to an eye specialist who will perform some tests to see if you’re eligible.

If the eye specialist does certify you as partially sighted or blind then you’ll receive a Certificate of Visual Impairment. You can then choose to register with your local council for local services or a reduction in your council tax bill.

Being registered as blind doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t see at all – most people who are registered blind do still have some useful vision.

If you’re registered as blind or partially sighted, you may receive:

If you’re registered as blind then you can get 50% reduction in the price of your TV licence.

In addition, a claim for disability benefits (e.g. Attendance Allowance) may be strengthened if you’re registered as blind or partially sighted.

Phone scams - Targeting the Elderly

Fri, 10 Feb 2023 12:12:29 GMT

Phone scams are a common way for criminals to con people out of money. Be aware of some of the most common phone scams and find out what you can do to stay safe.

What is a cold call?

Cold calls are phone calls from companies trying to sell you something, even though they have had no business with you previously. Cold calls aren’t usually illegal and don’t necessarily count as a scam although they can be annoying, frustrating and even frightening.

Even though it won't necessarily block scammers, you can register for free with the Telephone Preference Service (TPS) to reduce the number of cold calls you receive.

What are some common types of phone scams?

It can be hard to tell the difference between a scam and cold calling. However, it's good to know some of the typical tricks that scammers use so you can be prepared.

Bank scams

Someone may call claiming to be from your bank telling you there’s a problem with your card or account. The caller will often sound professional and try to convince you that your card has been cloned or that your money is at risk.

They may ask for your account and card details, including your PIN number, and even offer to send a courier to collect your card. They may also advise transferring your money to a ‘safe account’ to protect it.

This is a common scam and your bank would never ask you to do this.

Computer repair scams

A scammer may call you claiming to be from the helpdesk of a well-known IT firm, such as Microsoft. They’ll tell you that your computer has a virus and will ask you to download ‘anti-virus software’, possibly at a cost.

This turns out to be spyware, used to get your personal details. Legitimate IT companies don’t contact customers this way.

Compensation calls

This is a call from a company asking about a car accident you’ve supposedly had claiming you may be entitled to compensation. Some of these could be genuine companies looking for business but others are scammers. Don’t engage in these calls. If you’ve had an accident, call your own insurance company on the phone number provided on your policy.

HMRC scams

You may get a call from someone claiming to be from HMRC saying there is an issue with your tax refund or an unpaid tax bill. They may leave a message and ask you to call back. Again, don’t be fooled by this. HMRC would never contact you this way and would never ask you to reveal personal financial information such as your bank account details.

Number spoofing

Scammers now have the technology to mimic an official telephone number so it comes up on your caller ID display (if you have one on your phone). This can trick you into thinking the caller is really from a legitimate organisation, such as a bank or utility company. If you’re in any doubt, hang up and call the organisation directly. If possible, call them from different phone as scammers can keep the phone line open, so that even if you hang up and call the organisation directly, the line may still be connected to the scammer. If it’s not possible to use another phone then wait for at least 10 minutes before you call.

Pensions and investment scams

This is a call about an 'unmissable' investment opportunity, or offering you the opportunity to access your pension cash earlier.

‘Anti-scam’ scams

This is a call from someone claiming to be from a charity supporting scam victims, a company selling anti-scam technology, or from someone demanding money to renew your Telephone Preference Service registration, which is actually free. Be alert to all of these.

What should I do if I get a scam call?

Older people are often a target for scammers, so it's important to be aware of phone scams and how to handle them. Fortunately, there are things you can do to protect yourself:

Don't reveal personal details. Never give out personal or financial information (such as your bank account details or your PIN) over the phone, even if the caller claims to be from your bank.
Hang up. If you feel harassed or intimidated, or if the caller talks over you without giving you a chance to speak, end the call. It may feel rude to hang up on someone, but you have the right not to be pressurised into anything.
Ring the organisation. If you're unsure whether the caller is genuine, you can always ring the company or bank they claim to be from. Make sure you find the number yourself and don’t use the one provided by the caller.
Don't be rushed. Scammers will try to rush you into providing your personal details. They may say they have time-limited offer or claim your bank account is at risk if you don't give them the information they need right away.

How can I avoid phone scams and cold calls?

You can block or prevent some cold calls. Try these simple things:

Register with the Telephone Preference Service – it's free and it allows you to opt out of any unsolicited live telesales calls. This should reduce the number of cold calls you receive but may not block scammers.
Talk to your phone provider to see what other privacy services and call-blocking services are available, although you may need to pay for some of these services.
If you have a smartphone, you can use the settings on the phone to block unwanted numbers. If you’re not sure how to do this, you could visit your local mobile phone shop for assistance.
There are products to block some calls. Some local councils provide call blockers through their trading standards teams.

How can I report or make a complaint about a cold call?

There are privacy laws that protect consumers from direct marketing phone calls. If you’ve registered your phone number with the Telephone Preference Service (TPS) or if you’ve told the company directly that you don’t wish to receive phone calls, you shouldn’t receive direct marketing calls from the UK.

If you receive an unwanted telesales call, an automated message, or a spam message, tell the company that you don’t wish to be contacted again.

You can c omplain to the Information Commissioner’s Office or report spam texts by forwarding the text for free to 7726 .

If you have received a silent or abandoned call, complain to Ofcom.

What should I do if I’ve been a victim of a phone scam?

Scammers are constantly finding new ways to trick people and phone scams are changing all the time. If you’ve been the victim of a scam don’t be embarrassed to report it. It can happen to anyone.

Report the scam to t he police and also contact Action Fraud . The information you give to Action Fraud can help track down the scam mer.

What should I do next?

R egister your landline and your mobile phone with the Telephone Preference Service (TPS) . To register your mobile phone, text 'TPS' and your email address to 85095.

Talk to your phone provider to see what privacy services and call-blocking services are available, although you may need to pay for some of these services. Ofcom has information about different phone providers’ services that block nuisance calls .

If you’re concerned about whether a scheme or offer is legal or legitimate, contact the Citizens Advice Consumer Service or Action Fraud for advice.

Power of attorney - What is it all about?

Fri, 10 Feb 2023 11:52:27 GMT

A power of attorney is a legal document that allows someone to make decisions for you, or act on your behalf, if you're no longer able to or if you no longer want to make your own decisions.

There are a number of reasons why you might need someone to make decisions for you or act on your behalf:

This could just be a temporary situation: for example, if you're in hospital and need help with everyday tasks such as paying bills.
You may need to make longer-term plans if, for example, you have been diagnosed with dementia and you may lose the mental capacity to make your own decisions in the future.

What is mental capacity?

Mental capacity means the ability to make or communicate specific decisions at the time they need to be made. To have mental capacity you must understand the decision you need to make, why you need to make it, and the likely outcome of your decision.

Some people will be able to make decisions about some things but not others. For example, they may be able to decide what to buy for dinner, but be unable to understand and arrange their home insurance. Alternatively, their ability to make decisions may change from day to day.

Needing more time to understand or communicate doesn’t mean you lack mental capacity. For example, having dementia doesn't necessarily mean that someone is unable to make any decisions for themselves. Where someone is having difficulty communicating a decision, an attempt should always be made to overcome those difficulties and help the person decide for themselves.

What are the different types of power of attorney?

There are different types of power of attorney and you can set up more than one.

Ordinary power of attorney

This covers decisions about your financial affairs and is valid while you have mental capacity. It is suitable if you need cover for a temporary period (hospital stay or holiday) or if you find it hard to get out, or you want someone to act for you.

Lasting power of attorney (LPA)

An LPA covers decisions about your financial affairs, or your health and care. It comes into effect if you lose mental capacity, or if you no longer want to make decisions for yourself. You would set up an LPA if you want to make sure you're covered in the future.

Enduring power of attorney (EPA)

EPAs were replaced by LPAs in October 2007. However, if you made and signed an EPA before 1 October 2007, it should still be valid. An EPA covers decisions about your property and financial affairs, and it comes into effect if you lose mental capacity, or if you want someone to act on your behalf.

More information about ordinary powers of attorney

An ordinary power of attorney allows one or more person, known as your attorney, to make financial decisions on your behalf. It's only valid while you still have the mental capacity to make your own decisions. You may want to set one up if, for example:

you need someone to act for you for a temporary period, such an when you’re on holiday or in hospital
you’re finding it harder to get out and about to the bank or post office, or you want someone to be able to access your account for you
you want someone to act for you while you’re able to supervise their actions.

You can limit the power you give your attorney so that they can only deal with certain assets, for example, your bank account but not your home.

An ordinary power of attorney is only valid while you have the mental capacity to make your own decisions. If you want someone to be able to act on your behalf if there comes a time when you don’t have the mental capacity to make your own decisions you should consider setting up a lasting power of attorney.

More information on lasting powers of attorney

A lasting power of attorney (LPA) is a way of giving someone you trust, your attorney, the legal authority to make decisions on your behalf if you lose the mental capacity to do so in the future, or if you no longer want to make decisions for yourself.

There are two types of LPA:

LPA for financial decisions
LPA for health and care decisions.

LPA for financial decisions

An LPA for financial decisions can be used while you still have mental capacity or you can state that you only want it to come into force if you lose capacity.

An LPA for financial decisions can cover things such as:

buying and selling property
paying the mortgage
investing money
paying bills
arranging repairs to property.

You can restrict the types of decisions your attorney can make, or let them make all decisions on your behalf.

If you’re setting up an LPA for financial decisions, your attorney must keep accounts and make sure their money is kept separate from yours. You can ask for regular details of how much is spent and how much money you have. These details can be sent to your solicitor or a family member if you lose mental capacity. This offers an extra layer of protection.

LPA for health and care decisions

This covers health and care decisions and can only be used once you have lost mental capacity. An attorney can generally make decisions about things such as:

where you should live
your medical care
what you should eat
who you should have contact with
what kind of social activities you should take part in.

You can also give special permission for your attorney to make decisions about life-saving treatment.

How do I set up a power of attorney?

Setting up an ordinary power of attorney

If you want to set up an ordinary power of attorney you should contact your local Citizen’s Advice or get advice from a solicitor as there is a standard form of wording that must be used.

Setting up a lasting power of attorney

The Office of the Public Guardian (OPG) is a government organisation, whose role is to register powers of attorney. It also provides support services to attorneys and investigates complaints about attorneys. Contact the Office of the Public Guardian to get the relevant forms and an information pack . You can download the forms or fill them out online.
You can fill out the forms yourself, or with the help of a solicitor or local advice agency. Taking professional advice can prevent problems later on, especially if you’re unsure of the process or your affairs are complex.
Have your LPA signed by a certificate provider. This is someone who confirms that you understand it and haven’t been put under any pressure to sign it. The certificate provider must be someone you know well or a professional person such as a doctor, social worker or solicitor.
The LPA must be registered with the Office of the Public Guardian before it can be used. There's a fee of £82 to register your LPA. If you’re on a low income, you may be eligible for a 50% discount, and if you’re receiving certain benefits you won’t have to pay anything at all. You must register your LPA while you still have the mental capacity and it can’t be used during the registration process which takes about 9 weeks. If you lose mental capacity but signed the LPA while you still had mental capacity, your attorney can register it for you.

How much does it cost to set up a lasting power of attorney?

You will need to register the LPA before you can use it. In England and Wales, the registration fee is £82 for each LPA – so it costs £164 to register both an LPA for property and financial affairs and an LPA for health and welfare.

You may be exempt from paying the fee if you're on a low income or you receive certain income-related benefits.

Do I need a solicitor?

You don't have to use a solicitor to create an LPA. The application forms from the Office of the Public Guardian (OPG) contain guidance to help you fill them out. Alternatively, you can fill them in online and phone the OPG helpline if you have any issues or concerns.

If you want to use a solicitor, you'll need to pay them to complete the form for you. Fees for creating an LPA vary, so you might want to contact a few to compare their fees and the service they offer.

How do I make changes to my power of attorney?

You generally can't make changes to your LPA after it's been registered. It may be possible to remove one of your attorneys, but it's important to seek advice from the Office of the Public Guardian before doing so, because removing an attorney may cause your LPA to end.

If you have mental capacity, you can also cancel (revoke) your LPA.

What if I'm having problems with my attorney?

If you're unhappy with the decisions that are being taken, there are a number of ways you can make a complaint.

If you think you’re in immediate danger, contact your local police force or call 999 in an emergency.
Raise your concerns with the Office of the Public Guardian , which has responsibility for monitoring attorneys and deputies and can investigate allegations of mistreatment or fraud. It can report concerns to another agency, such as the police or social services, if appropriate.
To speak to someone confidentially about your concerns about financial misuse or abuse, call the Hourglass helpline on 01255 421621 .

Talking Helps

Fri, 10 Feb 2023 11:32:50 GMT

There is support available if you haven't been feeling like yourself lately. The easiest method to start feeling better is frequently to talk. There is never a bad time to start.

What are talking therapies?

Our mental health is more important than ever – particularly because how we’re feeling mentally can have a big impact on how we feel physically. If you’re finding things tough and it’s affecting your mood and how you feel, then speaking to your GP is good place to start.

Talking about your mental health can be daunting, but your GP will be used to having these conversations and won't judge you. They are there to help and will know what to do.

There’s something called 'talking therapies', which can really start to help people who are feeling low, anxious or out of sorts. They can sometimes be referred to as IAPT (improving access to psychological therapies) or just psychological therapies. They involve talking to someone who is specially trained to help us manage our thoughts and feelings and the effect they have on our behaviour and mood.

You can usually refer yourself to a local service to see if you could benefit from treatment, or your doctor or nurse can do it for you if you prefer.

There are different kinds of talking therapies. The most common are Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and counselling.

Cognitive behavioural therapy can help you by looking at and changing how you think and behave. It’s based on the idea that the way we feel is affected by our thoughts, beliefs and behaviour.
Counselling lets you talk about your problems and feelings in a safe environment. Counsellors are trained to listen and empathise. They won’t give you advice but will support and guide you to understand your problems and deal with negative thoughts and feelings.

Could talking therapies work for me?

The easiest method to start feeling better is frequently to talk. Although talking about our feelings might be difficult, the adage "a problem shared is a problem halved" is quite true.

Talking therapy have been shown to be effective, and older patients may benefit the most from them. You can give talking therapies another shot even if you've tried them before and weren't sure.

You could be annoyed that you currently only have phone or video calls for appointments rather than in-person meetings, but you might be pleasantly pleased. Throughout the epidemic, talking treatments have been helpful to many older individuals, and they have discovered that remote appointments are just as effective for them.

Where can I locate services for talking therapy?

Through the NHS, talking therapies are freely available to everyone who needs them. Discuss talking therapy with your doctor immediately; you might even be able to refer yourself. On the NHS website, you may also look up nearby talking therapy clinics.

What happens after I've been referred?

The process is not the same in every area, though it might be something like this:

After you, or your GP, has referred you for talking therapies you would normally answer some questions about the way you’ve been feeling. This could be on a website or over the phone. Sometimes they might ask about whether you’re feeling like ending your life, so don’t be surprised by this question.
If the answers to the questions suggest you could benefit from some help, you might then get a phone call from your local talking therapies or wellbeing service, where they may talk through some of the questions again with you.
They will use this information to help decide what type of talking treatment you would benefit the most from and pass this on to the relevant team, who will organise your first appointment.

Please be aware that going through this process will not always result in a course of talking therapies. There may also be gaps of days or weeks between these stages. However, the service should be focused on providing the support that is right for you and will make sure that you have somewhere to turn if your needs become more urgent.

Has coronavirus changed the way talking therapies are provided?

Your mental health is just as important now as before the pandemic so you shouldn’t feel like you’re making a fuss or put off getting help. Talking therapies are still open and available for anyone who is struggling or finding that things are getting on top of them.

To help keep everyone safe, the way that talking therapies are provided will be a bit different – you may be asked to have your appointments on the phone or by video call.

This might feel a bit strange and you may be worried about how it will work. It’s a good idea to prepare for the call in advance to help you feel more comfortable. Think about where in your home you will have the call and find a place where you feel relaxed and won’t be disturbed. If you have any concerns or questions don’t be afraid to ask your therapist beforehand. They know that remote appointments can be daunting and will be happy to talk you through it.

Some people won’t be able to have their appointments over the phone or by video call. This could be because of hearing or communication difficulties, for example. If you can’t have your appointments this way talk to your therapist to see what other kind of support they could offer.

What are the therapeutic alternatives?

Practicing relaxation

You can learn muscle relaxation techniques from a qualified practitioner to help you deal with anxious situations. There are typically 12–15 weekly, one-hour sessions for this.

Medications

To address the signs and symptoms of depression, your doctor may recommend medication. These are referred to as antidepressants, and there are numerous varieties available. Your doctor should explain which combination of talking therapies and antidepressants is appropriate for you. The onset of a medication's effects can take up to two weeks. To ensure a long-term recovery, you might need to keep taking antidepressants for several months.

Self-help

Self-help groups can be a way to get support, share ideas on what helps, boost your mood and gain self-confidence. Meeting other people who understand what you’re going through can be helpful, especially if you’re feeling isolated or lonely.

Understanding Elder Abuse Types

Wed, 08 Feb 2023 11:47:00 GMT

1 in 10 persons aged 60 or older have suffered from at least one type of elder abuse.

The 7 Different Types of Elder Abuse

When someone with power over an elderly person intentionally harms them or puts them at risk of harm, their actions — or lack of action — are considered elder abuse . Elder abuse isn’t just one action or inaction and it can take many forms.

The 7 types of elder abuse are:

Neglect
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Abandonment
Emotional or psychological abuse
Financial abuse
Self-neglect

All types of elder abuse can lead to devastating consequences, including physical and/or emotional harm and even death.

It is key for older people and their loved ones to know about all elder abuse types. They can use this knowledge to prevent abuse from happening or stop it before severe harm occurs.

Quick Facts About Elder Abuse Types

The types of elder abuse go beyond physical and emotional harm. Elders can suffer from sexual assaults, financial exploitation, abandonment, and more.
Most types of elder abuse are committed by trusted individuals, like family or nursing home staff.
Elders can sometimes mistreat themselves through self-neglect.
Elders are more likely to self-report financial exploitation than emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect.
Psychological abuse is the most common type of elder abuse.

Physical Elder Abuse

Physical elder abuse is the intentional use of force against an elderly person. It includes hitting, shoving, kicking, or physically restraining an older adult.

Signs of physical elder abuse include:

Cuts or scrapes
Broken bones
Bruises
Burns
Dislocated joints
Head injuries
Sprains

There are also signs beyond the injuries themselves that could mean an older person has suffered from physical abuse.

These signs include:

A pattern of hospitalisation for the same or similar injuries
Delayed medical care for an injury
Poor explanations for the elder’s injury from care providers
Trips to different emergency rooms (to possibly avoid suspicion)

If an older person you love has been injured, make sure to ask caregivers how the injury happened and if it’s being treated promptly. Any uncertainty could mean that the injury stems from physical abuse.

Sexual Elder Abuse

Elder sexual abuse is forced or non-consensual sexual contact of any kind with an older adult. This includes sexual interactions with elders with dementia, Alzheimer’s, or other cognitive disabilities that prevent them from giving consent.

Warning signs of elder sexual abuse include:

Bleeding from the anus or genitals
Bruised genitals or inner thighs
New sexually transmitted diseases or infections (STDs/STIs)
Pain in the anus or genitals
Pelvic injuries
Problems walking or sitting

Elders can be sexually abused by anyone, including nursing home staff, residents, in-home carers, friends, and family members.

Elder Neglect

Elder neglect happens when a caregiver fails to protect an older adult from harm, resulting in serious injuries or illnesses.

Cases of elder are not honest accidents. Rather, they are the result of carelessness or a lack of regard for an older person’s health.

Signs of elder neglect include:

Dehydration and/or malnutrition
Inadequate or unclean clothing
Lack of food in the home/long-term care facility
Lack of needed medical aids
Poor personal hygiene
Unclean or unsafe home/long-term care facility
Unpaid bills
Untreated infections or injuries
Weight loss

Neglect can lead to serious health problems, including bedsores , sepsis, and even death. Unfortunately, neglect a particularly high risk in assisted living facilities with staffing issues.

Elder Self-Neglect

Self-neglect happens when an elderly person is no longer able to meet their basic daily needs, and they suffer as a result.

An older person may be suffering from self-neglect if they can’t:

Drink or feed themselves without help
Dress themselves
Maintain basic hygiene
Maintain their home
Manage financial affairs
Properly address their medical needs

Many older adults struggle with letting go of their independence or acknowledging that they may not be able to care for themselves.

However, if an older person has caregivers or lives in a nursing home, then self-neglect should not be occurring. In these cases, a caregiver may be committing neglect.

Elder Abandonment

Sometimes paired with neglect, elder abandonment happens when someone who cares for an older person intentionally deserts them.

The former caretaker may leave the elder at a hospital, nursing home, or another care facility without any formal arrangement, or with relatives who did not agree to be caregivers.

Someone may be the victim of elder abandonment if they are alone and:

Appear confused, lost, or scared
Have poor hygiene
Seem frail, malnourished, or dehydrated

Regardless of the situation, elder abandonment can lead to a great deal of confusion and pain — and put their physical health at risk.

Emotional Elder Abuse

Psychol ogical and emotional abuse are intentional acts that inflict mental pain, fear, or distress on an elder.

Emotional abuse can take many forms. For example, caregivers may belittle elders, call them names, or threaten them. But it’s not just name-calling – caregivers may even cut off older people from loved ones or resources.

Signs of emotional and psychological abuse in elders include:

Appearing depressed, withdrawn, or scared
Avoiding eye contact
Different eating or sleeping patterns
Isolation from friends and family
Low self-esteem
Mood swings
Sudden changes in behaviour/personality

Emotional and psychological changes can often go hand-in-hand with other types of elder abuse, such as physical harm or neglect. This means it’s key to check on your loved one’s overall health if you notice signs of emotional abuse.

Financial Elder Abuse

Elder financial abuse is the illegal, unauthorised, or improper use of an older individual’s resources. Care staff, family, or even strangers can all commit elder financial abuse.

Warning signs of elder financial abuse include:

A pattern of missing belongings or property
An elderly person who does not know or understand their own financial situation
Cancelled checks or bank statements that go to someone other than the elder
Changes to an older person’s power of attorney or bank accounts
Eviction notices
Evidence of unpaid bills
Someone showing unusual interest in how much money an elder is spending
Withdrawals the elder could not have made

According to a study of Elder Financial Abuse, financial abuse costs elders an estimated £ 2.9 billion every year. It is the most commonly self-reported type of elder abuse.

What to Do If You Suspect Elder Abuse

Elder abuse can be committed by anyone: friends, family, care staff, or strangers. Because of this, it’s important to keep a close eye on your loved one’s well-being and take action if you think any type of elder abuse is occurring.

If you suspect elder abuse:

Call 999 in an emergency: If you are worried that an elder is in immediate danger, call the police or 999.
Check in with your loved one: Some elders may be hesitant or scared to bring up their abuse experience, but they may confide in you with gentle prompting.
Keep in regular contact with your loved one: Elders who are socially isolated are at a higher risk of abuse.
Take accusations seriously: Too many people neglect to believe elders when they tell loved ones about their abuse. Do not take elder abuse accusations lightly — make sure you get your older loved one the help they need.

Get Legal Help for Different Types of Elder Abuse

Discovering that someone you love is the victim of abuse can be devastating, especially when they are harmed by someone they trusted. All forms of elder mistreatment and abuse deserve to be taken seriously and addressed quickly.

Aging Gracefully: How to Embrace the Golden Years on Your Own Terms

Mon, 06 Feb 2023 16:09:53 GMT

What does aging gracefully mean to you?

It may entail accepting the number of candles on your birthday cake without making an effort to appear or behave younger than you actually are for some seniors. But for some people, particularly those who have physical limitations, it's a euphemism that minimises the difficulties associated with getting older. But everyone who is older can age gracefully. What matters is your mindset, not your appearance or your ability to engage in certain activities.

Of all, there isn't a blueprint for how to behave in later life, and there aren't many positive role models for today's elders. When it comes to defining "ageing gracefully," our society is still in rather uncharted area. The average lifespan was 47 years old in 1900. Furthermore, it was just 58 in 1950. Thus, the majority of those with grey hair were seen as "aged" for decades. That's not the situation anymore.

Now we can establish our own regulations. You can age gracefully by selecting your own mindset and method of change. Everyone is unique. Each of us faces particular obstacles and strengths.

Think about how the word "grace" came to be: Its root word, "gratus," meaning delightful in Latin. Many elderly people claim that one advantage of being older is realising they just have to please themselves. Therefore, it's crucial to feel good about yourself as you deal with the unavoidable changes that occur with becoming older. Senior year is a time to recognise your successes and the wisdom you've gained from life's experiences.

How Does One Age Gracefully?

"Don't be sorry for becoming older. It's a privilege that not everyone has." Although the originator of the words is unknown, the sentiment is ageless. Growing older isn't a bad thing, despite the messages that are frequently broadcast to us that it is (especially considering the alternative).

In actuality, we generally become happier as we age. One explanation could be that as we get older, we typically experience fewer work- and relationship-related pressures. However, psychologists also think that through adversity, we develop a more rounded viewpoint.

Instead of comparing our situations to others' and aiming for more worldly possessions, a growing awareness of our own death may make us value our lives more. And studies have shown that what affects how satisfied we are with our lives is our attitude and connection to others. The influential Harvard Study of Adult Development concluded that lifestyle factors have a greater impact on happiness levels than celebrity or income. This study followed people into their 80s and 90s. Furthermore, "subjective health" (i.e., how well you feel) has a bigger influence than "objective health" (whether or not you have health issues).

In other words, how we feel about becoming older might have a significant impact on how we treat it. Many seniors don't consider themselves to be "aged" at all for this reason, among others. A Pew Research Center study found that over half of young adults between the ages of 18 and 29 say they feel their age. However, 60% of persons over 65 claim to feel younger than their actual age. Only 3% of people say they feel older than they are. (In contrast, roughly 25% of those between the ages of 18 and 25 claim they feel older than their actual age.)

Therefore, if "old age" is not a fixed stage of life, the adage "you're only as young as you feel" may be a useful tip for ageing gracefully. As we age with dignity, it may also be important for us to maintain an open mind, learn, and change.

According to this theory, maintaining close friendships and engaging in enjoyable activities are crucial elements of ageing gracefully. What matters is how we handle the tasks in our daily lives, not necessarily how effectively we conceal the external indications of ageing.

The Aging Process and Happiness: Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Why do we age? The answer is complex, with many factors coming into play (including many unknown factors). Here's one aging definition that's perhaps too concise: the accumulation of damage to our cells, a process which starts as young as the age of 24. It's an incomplete definition because it only accounts for the physical causes of aging, not the psychological impacts of physical changes.

Here's another important fact to remember: Not all changes are bad. In fact, our brains undergo some positive changes w ith age, such as giving us calmer reactions to negative experiences. However, that isn't necessarily true of everyone: You probably know a few people who always respond more negatively to unwanted change than others.

That leads to another question: Why do some people remain open to new experiences as they age, while others become more set in their ways? Psychologists may have an answer.

According to development psychologist Erik Erikson's stages of development theory, a life is divided into eight separate stages, each marked by the need to resolve an internal conflict. In the eighth stage, which begins around the age of 65, the conflict is about ego integrity versus despair.

According to Erikson, ego integrity versus despair is a conflict that can be resolved by reflecting on your life and taking stock of your accomplishments and failures:

Overall, do you feel proud of your life? If so, you're in a state of ego integrity. (That doesn't necessarily mean you haven't made any mistakes, but you feel fulfilled when you look back on the things you've done.)
Or are you bitter about life's disappointments? If so, you may be in a state of despair. (People in a despairing state may be more fearful of death because they feel they haven't done enough with their lives. They may also be depressed and angry. And they might react more negatively to age-related physical and emotional changes and have a more rigid mindset about aging.)

Part of aging gracefully may involve achieving the ego integrity stage. If we understand the purpose and meaning of our lives, we'll be more prepared for the inevitable challenges of growing older. We can adapt to change more easily. That's why this kind of mature perspective can be one of the rewar ds of aging—benefits that are backed by science. Research has found that seniors with positive attitudes toward aging experience less cognitive decline . And those positive feelings can even lead to a longer life .

Of course, it's hard to maintain a positive attitude if you have medical problems , experience loneliness , or suffer from depression . But if physical or psychological problems are influencing the way you feel about growing older, talk to your doctor, therapist, or someone else you trust. As more and more Americans enter their senior years, more help is becoming available.

4 External Signs of Aging and How to Approach Them Gracefully

It's possible to predict some events in the aging process by decade of life. (For example, by age 60, most women have completed menopause.) But as we get older, it's often harder to guess a person's age. A combination of lifestyle, genetics, and just plain luck influences how old a person appears to be. Simply put, we all age differently. And since we can't control time, aging slowly isn't possible. (Those birthdays are going to happen every year, no matter what we do.) But some people do seem to look younger than others of the same age.

These external factors often play a role in how we feel about our age, even though we're reacting to elements that are only appearance-based. They can also impact how we're perceived by others. As a result, many people are upset when they start to see signs of growing older (especially if they still feel young).

Although we know that we shouldn't stress about these signs, sometimes it's hard not to. Our society tends to view signs of aging as something to hide instead of celebrate. So we don't always recognize the rewards of this stage of life. Even when we're told that "60 is the new 40," for example, the underlying assumption is that being 40 is inherently better than being 60.

But graceful aging doesn't necessarily mean accepting wrinkles and grey hair and learning to love them. Instead, to age gracefully means to pay attention to what makes you feel best. So check out these four commonly asked questions about the outward signs of aging and learn what you should consider:

1. Going Grey: What Should I Do?

"Grey hair is a crown of splendor; it is attained by a righteous life."—Proverbs 16:31

Does that adage make you chuckle? Some individuals view grey hair as a sign of experience and maturity. But if they start to get grey early, most people aren't all that delighted. After all, people with grey hair are frequently labelled as "aged" just because their hair is lacking in colour.

Even having grey hair can spark debate. (Just think of the journalistic attention that the Duchess of Cambridge received when she was pictured sporting grey roots.) However, a rising number of people now accept their grey or silver hair. In reality, a growing number of young individuals are choosing to dye their hair in these hues: One of the biggest beauty-related news topics of 2018 was the grey hair craze.

Should you colour over greying hair? This is a complicated question for many seniors. But the natural process of hair turning grey is actually quite simple: The follicle at the root of each hair strand contains pigment cells with a substance called melanin that determines the colour of that strand. As we age, these pigment cells gradually die off, so new hair strands become more transparent. The result? Grey, silver, or white hair.

Despite what many of us have heard, stress doesn't turn hair grey. In fact, hair never actually turns grey. Rather, each hair follicle determines the colour of a strand from its very beginning. So if a strand starts out blond, it will stay blond (unless you dye it). But stress can cause hair loss. So if you're at an age when your follicles aren't producing as much melanin, more of the strands that grow back after a period of hair loss may be grey. As a result, it might feel as if you're suddenly going grey due to stress.

Genetics play the biggest role in determining when we start to go grey. And medical conditions, such as thyroid problems, can cause premature greying. Some evidence also points to poor nutrition and environmental exposure to certain toxins as factors. But one thing is clear: Grey hair is a normal part of aging, and it is difficult to avoid. As British humour writer P.G. Wodehouse said, "There is only one cure for grey hair. It was invented by a Frenchman. It is called the guillotine."

Although it's nothing to be ashamed of, hiding grey hair is a big industry. According to an article in Psychology Today , Americans spend over $2 billion annually on women's hair-colouring products and $150 million on men's products. (That big difference indicates a double standard in our attitudes about gender and grey hair.) Women spend $330 a year, on average, colouring their hair. Some salons charge as much as $600 a visit. And despite the cost, an AARP article notes that about 56 percent of women over 70 colour their hair.

Whether or not you choose to cover your grey is a very personal decision. On the one hand, colouring grey hair can be costly and time-consuming. On the other hand, some people prefer the way they look without their greys showing. Plus, Harvard researchers found that women who dye their grey hair have lower blood pressure, not because of some magical substance in the hair dye, but perhaps because they feel younger. (Some psychologists speculate that our bodies might internalize the messages we give them related to appearance.)

One factor that can complicate the dec ision to stop dyeing your hair is that going grey gracefully is difficult without an awkward transition phase. But if you want to stop colouring your hair, a hairdresser can help you create a plan.

For example, strategically placed highlights or lowlights can ease the going-grey transition. And chemical treatments like colour remover or temporary colour can help you adjust to having more grey hair. Styles also make a difference: As more grey appears, a layered cut can make the contrast less obvious. For home colouring, using semi-permanent dyes allows colour to fade gradually. (In order to avoid patchy colour, hairdressers suggest waiting until roots are at least 60-percent grey before deciding to go "all grey.")

If you decide to flaunt your grey hair, stylists recommend using a hair gloss to keep it shiny. (Grey and silver hair absorb light, so it's easier for those colours to look dull.) And because the texture of grey hair can be dry, you should use a good conditioner. Also, talk to your hairstylist about good grey hairstyles: A great cut makes a huge difference.

Of course, hair loss can also be a tough issue for seniors. In fact, the AARP article referenced earlier revealed that going bald is the top fear related to the male aging process, ahead of impotence. But, similar to the grey-hair trend, many younger men are now choosing to shave their heads, even if they haven't lost much hair yet. So it may be better to accept your hair loss than fight it. Hairdressers advise that balding men avoid the "comb over," which fools nobody.

2. How Can I Protect My Skin?

For some seniors, in addition to deciding what to do about going grey, looking great (however they define it) also involves making decisions about skin care. After all, wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots are another part of the normal aging process as our skin becomes drier and less elastic. And with age, some of the lifestyle choices we made back in our youth may show up in our skin. (For example, not too long ago, it was common to sunbathe while lathered in baby oil instead of sunscreen. Now we know that those ultraviolet rays can lead to sun damage.)

Just remember this: You've earned your wrinkles and laugh lines. As fashion designer Diane von Furstenberg said, "My face carries all my memories. Why would I erase them?"

Of course, many of us try to keep our skin looking youthful as long as we can. That's why you'll find hundreds of skin-care products making big promises related to aging. But beware of getting caught in a cycle of always seeking the "magic bullet" solution.

Most skin-care products don't work instantly, so you won't see immediate results. But that doesn't mean you should give up and buy something new. In fact, cosmetic companies make a lot of money from our ongoing quest to find the best anti-aging skin-care product. So if you're not sure what works for your skin, focus on products' ingredients (not the marketing) and talk things over with your primary care doctor or a dermatologist.

Also, remember that good skin starts from within. No matter how much money you spend on anti-aging treatments, if you're not looking after your health, it can show in your skin. Good nutrition , moderate exercise , and sleep can all help.

And, of course, sunscreen is essential—even on cloudy days. Ultimately, however, when it comes to our faces, our attitudes may be more influential in how we're perceived than our wrinkles. That's because people who have a happy expression are often perceived to be

younger.

3. Hygiene: Why Do Old People Smell Different?

Even seniors with impeccable hygiene can develop a distinct odor. Although this is sometimes referred to as " old person smell ," the correct term for the cause of the odor is nonenal. (Pronunciation of this word is with a short "e.") And contrary to popular belief, it's not caused by poor hygiene or lazy housekeeping. Instead, it's the result of the normal skin-aging process:

Our skin produces omega-7 fatty acid.
The acid degrades when it oxidizes on our skin, which produces a chemical called 2-nonenal. This chemical has a marked odor.
As we age, our skin produces more fatty acids. At the same time, our bodies' antioxidant abilities decrease. The result is an increase in 2-nonenal production.
Seniors sometimes experience lifestyle changes that can make the smell stronger. For example, an elderly person might not bathe or shower as often if they're afraid of falling .

Interestingly , researchers at the Monell Chemical Senses Center found that the scent associated with older people isn't necessarily unpleasant. In the study, participants were asked to sniff materials exposed to the armpits of subjects of various ages and rate the smell. Although the scent of seniors was the most recognizable, it wasn't rated as the most unpleasant in this context. (That honor went to the scent of middle-aged men.) In other words, it may be the nonenal scent's association with getting old that makes us want to avoid it.

Odour prevention can take some conscious effort. That's partly because normal soap doesn't necessarily prevent nonenal. Odor removal must target the specific compounds produced by the skin. Although most soaps are formulated to tackle the smell of perspiration, many aren't effective with nonenal. But some research suggests that soaps containing persimmon may work. As a result, so-called nonenal soap is available for purchase.

In addition to nonenal soap, lifestyle changes can help:

Drink lots of water.
Wear cotton clothing so that your skin can breathe easily.
Bathe or shower regularly.
Moisturize after bathing or showering.
Exfoliate your skin.
Reduce your stress, since it can increase the production of nonenal.
Wash your laundry on a regular basis, if possible.

4. How Can I Avoid Age-Related Changes to My Posture?

Seniors are at risk for osteoporosis, muscle loss, and compression of the discs in the spine. The result can be a distinctive stooped posture, as well as aches, pains, and mobility limitations. Plus, how you carry yourself influences how others view you. So good posture and mobility can help with all aspects of aging gracefully, especially your ability to enjoy activities. It can also protect your health since good posture reduces the risk of falling and helps with breathing.

But improving your posture isn't just about reminding yourself to stand up straight. Often, you have to retrain and strengthen your muscles. Here are some good ways to work on your posture to avoid age-related changes:

Stretch. Try doing some simple stretching exercises or enroll in a yoga class . Staying flexible helps prevent muscles from tightening and keeps you limber.
Sit up straight. While you're sitting (especially at a computer or in front of a TV), focus on engaging your core muscles. Don't thrust your head too far forward. You may have to move your TV or computer a bit closer to you.
Maintain a strength-training program . Strength training can address the muscle imbalances that lead to poor posture. (As always, talk to a doctor first!)
Improve your core s trength. Pilates, yoga, and gentle calisthenics are great activities for core strength. Swimming is also good. A personal trainer or physical therapist can help you create a program.
Talk to your doctor about supplements or medication. Vitamin D supplements and medications like bisphosphonates can help strengthen bones. But they carry some risks, so consult with your doctor first.

Aging Gracefully: You Have the Power

One of the most concise and popular aging quotes is from Frank Lloyd Wright, the famous architect: "The longer I live, the more beautiful life becomes."

Although that outlook may not always be achievable when faced with setbacks or physical problems, it's important to remember that focusing on the positive aspects of this stage of life can help make growing older easier. If graceful aging means adapting to changes in a way that reflects our personal values, then remaining positive, open, and flexible is key.

Aging gracefully is definitely possible. Sure, we may need help to overcome certain challenges sometimes. But growing older continues to have its own rewards.

Best Entertainment Apps For The Elderly

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 14:05:42 GMT

The fact that there is content for every age group and demography makes entertainment applications one of the best things ever. For instance, they are not only applicable to millennials. Actually, there are several really great apps for seniors that are certain to keep them entertained for hours while yet being easily accessible.

Wordle

Wordle is a game that appears to have suddenly come out of nowhere to establish itself as one of the most popular around. And it’s a fantastic option for players of all ages, including the elderly. In short, Wordle is a five-letter word guessing game, with a new round beginning each day. The quicker the word is guessed, the higher the score, which means there’s a competitive element to proceedings, too, but in a fun way.

Blackjack

Blackjack is a game that has been around for centuries, so it makes sense that it’s one the older generations enjoy playing. In addition to playing with a small group of friends, it is pretty straightforward to join blackjack tables online to widen the experience and make more friends, which suits when the gameplay just involves attempting to make 21 with the cards dealt. Many blackjack apps are out there, and they’re all simple to use.

Words With Friends

Words With Friends is a classic entertainment app that has been around for what seems like forever. And with that, you know that it must be good as it’s stood the test of time. Words With Friends is effectively Scrabble, but you’ll be playing with or against friends, which adds to the fun. What’s also great is that it’s a pick-up-and-play title, so users can dip in and out whenever they like. Words With Friends also allows people to stay in touch with friends and family, which is never a bad thing.

Audible

So far, we’ve only listed games, but now we’re taking a slight diversion by naming Audible as a must-have app. Audible is the number one audiobook app around, with every book you can imagine available to listen to. What’s also fantastic is that it operates using a subscription model, so users get monthly credits, which they can then use to purchase a new listen.

Audible is ideal for use at any time of the day or night, and listeners can fire up the app wherever they are. It’s also perfect for multitasking, such as listening to a book while driving.

Elevate

The final app on this list will arguably be integral for some as it’s Elevate, a brain-training-style game. As everyone knows, as people get older, it’s crucial to keep the mind active, which Elevate aims to do. Elevate provides a personal experience, with sessions and games rotated to align with the user’s needs. There are tasks to help with everything from cognitive function to memory and everything in between. So, it’s another app where there is something that every user will find beneficial, rather than it being a one size fits all approach.

What Depression in the Elderly Looks Like & How to Get Help

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 12:28:36 GMT

When you think of depression in the elderly, what comes to mind? You aren't alone if your first thought includes stereotypical images of frail and sad-looking older adults

After all, many of us naturally associate depression with characteristics like misery and weakness. But here's the thing: Those stereotypes represent only a narrow slice of this medical condition's broad spectrum of possible effects. You might be surprised to know that many depressed people over the age of 65 don't exhibit those traits. So it's essential to understand what this illness is all about if you want greater vitality for yourself or a loved one.

The more you know about the effects of depression in elderly people, the more empowered you'll be when it comes to creating enjoyable retirement years for you or those you care about. You'll rise above common misunderstandings and discover the benefits of having a broader, more informed perspective on the issue. For many older adults with this condition, the prognosis is good. Safe and effective treatments are widely available. You just need to know all the facts.

What Is Depression? How Does It Affect the Elderly?

Depression is a treatable medical condition that negatively impacts a person's mental health . It can also cause (or be caused by) physical health issues. But here are some key points to remember: Depression in older adults is not just a temporary mood that will pass or a normal part of the aging process . Nor is it just a typical result of life's challenges. Rather, it is a real, unexpected health condition that generally requires professional treatment.Also, you should know this: Anybody can get depression. It doesn't discriminate. And older adults can get it for no apparent reason. People with depression tend to feel powerless to get rid of it.

In older people with depression, loneliness often plays a big role. However, that isn't the case for everyone. Clinically depressed people (of every age) are usually impacted by five or more of the following effects for at least two weeks:

General unhappiness
Sleep problems
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Inability to concentrate or make decisions
Loss of interest or enjoyment in activities
Weight loss or anorexia
An impaired or agitated mental state that may cause unusual movements or behaviors
Thoughts of suicide

Keep in mind that a lot of seniors with depression don't experience sadness as a primary symptom. The effects of their depression may be seen mostly in physical problems instead. For example, issues like chronic headaches, pain without an obvious cause, unintended weight loss, or persistently low energy or motivation may indicate that they're depressed. In addition, older adults tend to be affected by depression a little differently than their younger counterparts. Older people may have the condition for a longer time. And they often have it in conjunction with other health issues.

Estimates vary, but depressive disorders are thought to affect about 10 to 20 percent of older people worldwide. In the U.S., the numbers vary based on factors like treatment settings and the specific kinds of depression. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), between 17 and 37 percent of elderly patients in primary health care environments have been recognized as having depression. Here are some of the most common types of depressive disorders in older adults:

Minor depression: People with this condition have just two to five of the symptoms above, which are often mild or moderate. The symptoms also tend to last fewer than two years. Minor depression is thought to be more common in the elderly than major depression. According to the AAFP, minor depression affects nearly a third of nursing home residents. Some people with minor depression eventually develop major depression.
Major depression: This condition is characterised by several symptoms (such as those listed above) that are severe enough to interfere with most everyday situations. It can be very debilitating. And it can last anywhere from two weeks to two years or longer.
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD): Also known as dysthymia, this condition generally involves symptoms that last longer than major depression but aren't as severe. PDD is a chronic disorder that often goes undiagnosed since the people who have it may think their depressed mood is just part of their personality.

Regardless of the type of depression you or a loved one may have, it's important to seek treatment. Geriatric depression can increase the risk of death from other medical conditions such as cardiac disease. It can also make it more difficult to recover and rehabilitate after illness, injury, or surgery.

Signs, Symptoms, and Effects of Depression in Elderly People

Unless you know what to look for, it isn't always easy to recognize depression in older adults. That's particularly true for the physical effects of depression, which can masquerade as other health conditions. So it's important to keep a full range of possible symptoms in mind, understanding that red flags may be hidden behind inaccurate assumptions about how depression is "supposed" to look.

Everybody affected by this condition displays a different combination of symptoms. Some of the most common signs of depression in seniors include:

Persistent sadness or despair
Lack of self-esteem
Frequent self-loathing
General apathy
Insomnia
Over-sleeping
Frequent forgetfulness
Inability to concentrate
Slower-than-normal speech or movement
Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
Social withdrawal
Persistently low energy
Unexplainable aches and pains
Poor appetite
Neglect of personal hygiene
Grumpiness and short temper
More frequent use of alcohol or other substances
Suicidal thoughts

When evaluating seniors who may be depressed, geriatric mental health professionals often ask several questions designed to illuminate the red flags. Older adults with depression often provide answers that show they suffer from many of the following things:

Frequently feeling bored
Experiencing a lack of excitement in life
Rarely, if ever, feeling happy or in good spirits
Having difficulty beginning new projects
Abandoning favorite hobbies and interests
Frequently feeling fidgety or high-strung
Having difficulty making decisions
Frequently getting angry over small stuff
Feeling generally unsatisfied with life
Believing that most people are better off than they are
Avoiding social get-togethers
Resisting getting out and trying new things
Feeling that something bad is about to happen
Feeling hopeless about the future
Feeling empty or helpless
Frequently feeling the urge to cry
Frequently worrying about the past or future
Having difficulty concentrating
Feeling that right now is a bad time to be alive
Disliking getting up each morning
Feeling worthless to other people
Experiencing troubling thoughts that won't go away
Believing that they have more trouble with memory than most people
Feeling less mentally sharp than they used to be

It's also important to consider some of the common differences between men and women who have depression. For example, men are sometimes more likely to feel tired, frustrated, and irritable. Depression can also make men more likely to abuse substances like alcohol, display reckless behavior, lose motivation for their hobbies, or avoid conversation.

Why Depression Is Often Overlooked in the Elderly

Many older people don't receive the help they need and end up suffering unnecessarily from the full effects of depression. There can be all kinds of reasons for this. For example, depending on the individuals involved, elderly depression can be overlooked or go untreated because:

People may mistakenly believe that a consistently depressed mood is a normal part of aging or a normal reaction to stressful circumstances.
The symptoms may be more physical than emotional.
Older adults may see mental illness as a social stigma and try to keep it hidden.
Doctors, caretakers, or family members may miss or mistakenly rationalize away certain signs or symptoms.
The effects of multiple medications or various illnesses may mask symptoms or make it difficult to perform accurate evaluations.
Depressed seniors are sometimes misdiagnosed with dementia or suspected of being hypochondriacs.
Substance abuse (including alcohol abuse) can make it difficult to sort out various symptoms and their causes.
Poverty can make it more difficult for low-income seniors to get the help they need, so they choose not to report their symptoms to anyone.
Older adults with depression may offer various excuses for not wanting to participate in daily activities rather than directly explaining the symptoms they're experiencing.
Some seniors are too isolated for anyone to notice their symptoms.
Seniors who are depressed may mistakenly think that help isn't available.

How to Help an Elderly Loved One Who Has Depression

First, keep in mind that your loved one may put up some resistance, mostly out of fear or resentment. (We are often afraid of the actions we'll have to take to get better. And nobody likes to be seen as having a mental illness. Personal pride sometimes gets in the way of our better judgment.) Your loved one's depression may also make him or her feel hopeless, ashamed, or like a burden to you. All of those feelings can make it very difficult for your loved one to find the motivation to accept help and follow through with appropriate actions.

As you move forward, consider the following tips:

Be sensitive, patient, and respectful: Listen to your loved one with the sole intention of understanding what he or she is going through. Offer some gentle encouragement and emotional support without judging, criticizing, or trying to fix his or her depression. Instead, acknowledge and validate the person's feelings while gently offering reasons for hope. Respect the fact that your elderly loved one will likely have different preferences than you when it comes to the timing and other aspects of what to do going forward.

Help arrange visits with doctors or mental health specialists: Your loved one will need to be properly evaluated by one or more professionals in order to receive a correct diagnosis and the best treatment. Try to make this part of the process as easy as possible for your loved one by helping them find the right professionals, scheduling appointments, and attending those appointments in order to provide support and take accurate notes about what was said. If you can't attend appointments yourself, ensure your loved one has reliable transportation or see if somebody else can go in your place.

Keep track of treatments and ongoing appointments: Older people with depression often have memory lapses and cannot think as clearly as they normally would. Ensure your loved one has an easy way of organizing and remembering to take daily medications, such as using a weekly pillbox or pill dispenser . It's also a good idea to set reminders for your loved one's appointments so that none of them are missed. Recovery from depression req uires consistent dedication to treatment. Interruptions in treatment can lead to worsening and prolonged symptoms.

Assist with lifestyle changes: Make it easier for your loved one to engage in beneficial habits by arranging activities or preparing healthy meals. Invite them to lunch or dinner, suggest that you go on walks, take yoga or art classes, attend live events, or go on other outings together. If you encounter resistance, remain patient but gently persist. And stay mindful of your loved one's limitations when it comes to his or her physical abilities.

Watch for hazardous behaviors or signs of suicidal thoughts: Your loved one may exhibit slower responses and reaction times when performing certain tasks. So be aware of potential dangers if your loved one drives, cooks, prepares his or her own medications, or does other things that require complete focus and attention to detail. And never overlook any comments by your loved one related to suicide or harming oneself, even if they seem like jokes.

Depression in the elderly doesn't have to be a long-term problem. With help and persistence, almost anyone can get better, regardless of their age. Don't give up. Always remember that there are plenty of reasons to remain hopeful. Move forward gently, but with real purpose. With time, the light will probably return.

Nutrition Guidelines for Seniors

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 12:03:46 GMT

What makes seniors' nutrition such an important topic? Isn't food just…food?

It's typical for a person's metabolism and digestive system to slow down as they get older. Additionally, they tend to become a bit less active. These are some of the key explanations for why it's crucial to exercise and consume nutritious foods. Understanding what to eat and how much to consume can help you improve your well-being, which is why nutrition for seniors is such an important topic. Men over 50 should normally consume 2,000 to 2,800 calories per day, depending on their degree of exercise. A daily caloric intake of 1,600 to 2,200 calories is recommended for women over 50.

But not all calories are created equal. When planning your daily meals, keep the following tips in mind:

Include two to three tablespoons of healthy fats—such as extra virgin olive or coconut oil—in your diet each day.
Consume no more than 1,500 milligrams (mg) of sodium daily.
Make sure that less than 10 percent of your daily calories come from saturated fat.
Consume less than 300 mg of cholesterol daily.
Avoid sugary drinks.

In addition, pay attention to the food groups you're eating from. The main food groups include fruits and vegetables, grains, dairy and dairy alternatives, and meat and meat alternatives. Each food group is discussed in more detail below.

Fruits and vegetables: It's recommended that you eat seven servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Be sure to frequently choose varieties that are dark green, bright orange, and yellow.

Serving size examples: A medium-sized piece of fruit; one cup of salad; or half a cup of cut-up fruit or cooked vegetables
Tips for incorporating more fruits and vegetables into your diet:
Top your cereal, oatmeal, or yogurt with berries or bananas.
Include green salad with your lunch or dinner.
Wash, cut, and store fruits and vegetables in the fridge for quick snacks.
Add vegetables to eggs, pastas, and soups.

Grains: It's recommended that you eat six or seven servings of grains each day. Choose whole-grain products more often, such as whole-wheat foods, brown rice, or oatmeal.

Serving size examples: One slice of bread; half a bun or bagel; one cup of cold cereal; three-quarters of a cup of hot cereal; or half a cup of cooked pasta or rice
Tips for incorporating more whole grains into your diet:
Replace white flour with whole-wheat flour.
Add brown or wild rice to your favorite soups.
Add three-quarters of a cup of oatmeal to ground meat when making burgers, meatballs, or meatloaf.
Try whole-grain salads that contain quinoa or bulgur.
Switch from white to whole-wheat pasta.
Look for whole-grain cereals that have ingredients like amaranth, kamut, or spelt.

Dairy and dairy alternatives: It's recommended that you consume three servings of dairy or dairy alternatives every day. Choose low-fat options more often, and look for products that are fortified with calcium and vitamin D.

Serving size examples: One cup of milk; three-quarters of a cup of yogurt; or 1.5 ounces of cheese
Tips for incorporating dairy and dairy alternatives into your diet:
Add cheese or cheese alternatives to your soups, sandwiches, and salads.
Add milk or milk alternatives to your soups, stews, and cereals.
Replace the water in your oatmeal or canned soups with milk or non-dairy milk.
Make smoothies with yogurt, milk, or milk alternatives.
Have yogurt with your breakfast or for a snack.

Meat and meat alternatives: It's recommended that you have two or three servings of meat or meat alternatives per day. Choose lean cuts of meat or low-fat meat alternatives more often than higher-fat options.

Serving size examples: A piece of meat that's the same size as a deck of cards; one-quarter of a cup of nuts or seeds; two large eggs; three-quarters of a cup of cooked tofu or legumes; or two tablespoons of nut butter
Tips for incorporating meat and meat alternatives into your diet:
Cook more servings than you'll eat, and freeze single-serve portions that you can quickly warm up for meals or snacks.
Add beans, peas, lentils, tofu, canned fish, or eggs to salads, soups, and pastas.
Have nut butter on toast, crackers, or apple slices for a snack.
Snack on nuts and seeds, and add them to your cereal, muffins, salads, and yogurt.
Add a low-sugar protein powder to your smoothies.

In addition to the food groups, think about your flui d intake so that you can avoid the potential complications of dehydration . In seniors, thirst sensations often become weaker, so make a conscious effort to consume the amount of fluids your doctor recommends. For some seniors, that means consuming a minimum of nine to 12 cups of fluids per day. Those fluids can include liquids like water, tea, pure fruit juice, and milk. To help yourself consume that amount, drink a glass of water as soon as you wake up, always have a glass or bottle of water with you, and include a glass of water or a cup of tea with your meals.

Everything You Need to Know About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Mon, 30 Jan 2023 11:50:31 GMT

COPD is a disease that damages your lungs over time. It may start with mild symptoms and then get worse. Treatment can help symptoms and slow disease progression.

What is COPD?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly referred to as COPD, is a group of progressive lung diseases.

The most common of these diseases are emphysema and chronic bronchitis . Many people with COPD have both of these conditions.

Emphysema slowly destroys air sacs in your lungs, which interferes with outward air flow. Bronchitis causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, which allows mucus to build up.

It’s estimated that about 30 million people in the United States have COPD. As many as half are unaware that they have it.

Untreated, COPD can lead to a faster progression of disease, heart problems, and worsening respiratory infections.

What are the symptoms of COPD?

COPD makes it harder to breathe. Symptoms may be mild at first, beginning with intermittent coughing and shortness of breath. As it progresses, symptoms can become more constant to where it can become increasingly difficult to breathe.

You may experience wheezing and tightness in the chest or have excess sputum production. Some people with COPD have acute exacerbations, which are flare-ups of severe symptoms.

Early symptoms

At first, symptoms of COPD can be quite mild. You might mistake them for a cold.

Early symptoms include:

occasional shortness of breath, especially after exercise
mild but recurrent cough
needing to clear your throat often, especially first thing in the morning

You might start making subtle changes, such as avoiding stairs and skipping physical activities.

Worsening symptoms

Symptoms can get progressively worse and harder to ignore. As the lungs become more damaged, you may experience:

shortness of breath, after even mild forms of exercise like walking up a flight of stairs
wheezing, which is a type of higher-pitched noisy breathing, especially during exhalations
chest tightness
chronic cough, with or without mucus
need to clear mucus from your lungs every day
frequent colds, flu, or other respiratory infections
lack of energy

In later stages of COPD, symptoms may also include:

fatigue
swelling of the feet, ankles, or legs
weight loss

Symptoms are likely to be much worse if you currently smoke or are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke.

What causes COPD?

Most people with COPD are at least 40 years old and have at least some history of smoking. The longer and more tobacco products you smoke, the greater your risk of COPD is.

In addition to cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, pipe smoke, and secondhand smoke can cause COPD. Your risk of COPD is even greater if you have asthma and smoke.

Other causes

You can also develop COPD if you’re exposed to chemicals and fumes in the workplace. Long-term exposure to air pollution and inhaling dust can also cause COPD.

In developing countries, along with tobacco smoke, homes are often poorly ventilated, forcing families to breathe fumes from burning fuel used for cooking and heating.

There may be a genetic predisposition to developing COPD. Up to an estimated 5 percent

of people with COPD have a deficiency in a protein called alpha-1-antitrypsin.

This deficiency causes the lungs to deteriorate and also can affect the liver. There may be other associated genetic factors at play as well.

Diagnosing COPD

There’s no single test for COPD. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, a physical exam, and diagnostic test results.

When you visit the doctor, be sure to mention all of your symptoms. Tell your doctor if:

you’re a smoker or have smoked in the past
you’re exposed to lung irritants on the job
you’re exposed to a lot of secondhand smoke
you have a family history of COPD
you have asthma or other respiratory conditions
you take over-the-counter or prescription medications

Exam and tests

During the physical exam, your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs as you breathe. Based on all this information, your doctor may order some of these tests to get a more complete picture:

Spirometry is a noninvasive test to assess lung function. During the test, you’ll take a deep breath and then blow into a tube connected to the spirometer.
Imaging tests, like a chest X-ray or CT scan . These images can provide a detailed look at your lungs, blood vessels, and heart.
An arterial blood gas test. This involves taking a blood sample from an artery to measure your blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other important levels.

These tests can help determine if you have COPD or a different condition, such as asthma , a restrictive lung disease, or heart failure .

Treatment for COPD

Treatment can ease symptoms, prevent complications, and generally slow disease progression. Your healthcare team may include a lung specialist (pulmonologist) and physical and respiratory therapists.

Oxygen therapy

If your blood oxygen level is too low, you can receive supplemental oxygen through a mask or nasal cannula to help you breathe better. A portable unit can make it easier to get around.

Surgery

Surgery is reserved for severe COPD or when other treatments have failed, which is more likely when you have a form of severe emphysema .

One type of surgery is called bullectomy . During this procedure, surgeons remove large, abnormal air spaces (bullae) from the lungs.

Another is lung volume reduction surgery, which removes damaged upper lung tissue. Lung volume reduction surgery can be effective at improving breathing, but few patients undergo this major, somewhat risky procedure.

Lung transplantation is an option in some cases. Lung transplantation can effectively cure COPD, but has its many risks.

There is a less invasive method of improving the efficiency of airflow in people with severe emphysema called endobronchial valves (EBV), which are one-way valves that divert inspired air to healthy lungs and away from non-functioning, damaged lungs.

In 2018, an EBV device called the Zephyr Endobronchial Valve

was approved by the FDA and has been shown to improve lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life for patients living with emphysema.

Lifestyle changes

Certain lifestyle changes may also help alleviate your symptoms or provide relief.

If you smoke, quit. Your doctor can recommend appropriate products or support services.
Whenever possible, avoid secondhand smoke and chemical fumes.
Get the nutrition your body needs. Work with your doctor or dietician to create a healthy eating plan.
Talk to your doctor about how much exercise is safe for you.

Medications for COPD

Medications can reduce symptoms and cut down on flare-ups. It may take some trial and error to find the medication and dosage that works best for you, but these are some of your options:

Inhaled bronchodilators

Medicines called bronchodilators help loosen tight muscles in your airways. They’re typically taken through an inhaler or nebulizer.

Short-acting bronchodilators last from 4 to 6 hours. You only use them when you need them. For ongoing symptoms, there are long-acting versions you can use every day. They last about 12 hours.

These bronchodilators work by relaxing tightened muscles in the airways, which widens your airways for better air passage. They also help your body clear mucus from the lungs. These two types of bronchodilators can be taken in combination by inhaler or with a nebulizer.

Here’s a list of recommended LABA/LAMA bronchodilator therapies:

aclidinium/formoterol
glycopyrrolate/formoterol
tiotropium/olodaterol
umeclidinium/vilanterol

Corticosteroids

Long-acting bronchodilators are commonly combined with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. A glucocorticosteroid can reduce inflammation in the airways and lower mucus production.

The long-acting bronchodilator can relax the airway muscle to help the airways stay wider. Corticosteroids are also available in pill form.

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors

This type of medication can be taken in pill form to help reduce inflammation and relax the airways. It’s generally prescribed for severe COPD with chronic bronchitis.

Theophylline

This medication eases chest tightness and shortness of breath. It may also help prevent flare-ups. It’s available in pill form.

Theophylline is an older medication that relaxes the muscle of the airways, and it may cause side effects. It’s generally not a first-line treatment for COPD therapy.

Antibiotics and antivirals

Antibiotics or antivirals may be prescribed when you develop certain respiratory infections.

Vaccines

To lower risk of other respiratory infections, ask your doctor if you should get a yearly flu shot, pneumococcal vaccine , and a tetanus booster that includes protection from pertussis (whooping cough).

Diet recommendations for people with COPD

There’s no specific diet for COPD, but a healthy diet is important for maintaining overall health. The stronger you are, the more able you’ll be to prevent complications and other health problems.

Choose a variety of nutritious foods from these groups:

vegetables
fruits
grains
protein
dairy

Also, remember to go easy on the salt. It causes the body to retain water, which can strain breathing.

Liquids

Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking at least six to eight 8-ounce glasses of non-caffeinated liquids a day can help keep mucus thinner. This may make the mucus easier to cough out.

Limit caffeinated beverages because they can interfere with medications. If you have heart problems, you may need to drink less, so talk to your doctor.

Weight management

Maintaining a healthy weight is important. It takes more energy to breathe when you have COPD, so you might need to take in more calories. But if you’re overweight, your lungs and heart may have to work harder.

If you’re underweight or frail, even basic body maintenance can become difficult. Overall, having COPD weakens your immune system and decreases your ability to fight off infection.

Eating habits

A full stomach makes it harder for your lungs to expand, leaving you short of breath. If you find that this happens to you, try these remedies:

Clear your airways about an hour before a meal.
Take smaller bites of food that you chew slowly before swallowing.
Swap three meals a day for five or six smaller meals.
Save fluids until the end so you feel less full during the meal.

L iving with COPD

COPD requires lifelong disease management. That means following the advice of your healthcare team and maintaining healthy lifestyle habits.

Since your lungs are weakened, you’ll want to avoid anything that might overtax them or cause a flare-up. Here’s a list of things to consider as you adjust your lifestyle.

Avoid smoking. If you’re having trouble quitting, talk to your doctor about smoking cessation programs. Try to avoid secondhand smoke, chemical fumes, air pollution, and dust.
Work out. A little exercise each day can help you stay strong. Talk to your doctor about how much exercise is good for you.
Eat a diet of nutritious foods. Avoid highly processed foods that are loaded with calories and salt, but lack nutrients.
Treating other conditions. If you have other chronic diseases along with COPD, it’s important to manage those as well, particularly diabetes mellitus and heart disease.
Clean house. Clear the clutter and streamline your home so that it takes less energy to clean and do other household tasks. If you have advanced COPD, get help with daily chores.
Be prepared for flare-ups. Carry your emergency contact information with you and post it on your refrigerator. Include information about what medications you take, as well as the doses. Program emergency numbers into your phone.
Find support. It can be a relief to talk to others who understand. Consider joining a support group. The COPD Foundation provides a comprehensive list of organizations and resources for people living with COPD.

What are the stages of COPD?

One measure of COPD is achieved by spirometry grading.

There are different grading systems, and one grading system is part of the GOLD classification . The GOLD classification is used for determining COPD severity and helping to form a prognosis and treatment plan.

There are four GOLD grades based on spirometry testing:

grade 1: mild
grade 2: moderate
grade 3: severe
grade 4: very severe

This is based on the spirometry test result of your FEV1. This is the amount of air you can breathe out of the lungs in the first second of a forced expiration. The severity increases as your FEV1 decreases.

The GOLD classification also takes into account your individual symptoms and history of acute exacerbations. Based on this information, your doctor can assign a letter group to you to help define your COPD grade.

As the disease progresses, you’re more susceptible to complications, such as:

respiratory infections, including common colds, flu, and pneumonia
heart problems
high blood pressure in lung arteries (pulmonary hypertension)
lung cancer
depression and anxiety

The Senior's Guide to Year-Round Health

Mon, 30 Jan 2023 10:40:21 GMT

No matter your age, it’s important to take care of your body and prevent illness.

However, even a little illness like the flu or a cold can worsen in people 65 and older and cause consequences. This includes concomitant illnesses such sinusitis, bronchitis, ear infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis. A respiratory disease can exacerbate chronic conditions like diabetes or asthma in people who already have them.

As a result, it's critical to make healthy decisions in order to boost your immune system and lower your risk of being sick.

To keep healthy all year long, remember these nine suggestions.

1. Exercise

An immune system booster is exercise. Your body's ability to combat infection and inflammation increases with exercise.

You don't have to engage in a difficult activity. Exercises with less impact are also effective.

Consider low-impact aerobics, riding, walking, or swimming. If you can, work out at a moderate intensity for 20 to 30 minutes each day to meet the suggested weekly total of 150 minutesTrusted Source. Strengthen your muscles further by engaging in yoga or weightlifting.

Find the exercise programme that feels the greatest for you and modify it.

2. Take any essential supplements.

A healthy immune system is supported by several nutrients. Always check with your doctor to make sure a supplement is safe before using it, especially if you're also taking prescription medicine. They might suggest calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 as supplements.

As directed, take multivitamins or supplements to strengthen your immune system.

3. Consume a balanced diet

Diets high in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats also strengthen your immune system and shield you from contagious viruses and bacteria. Antioxidants are found in large quantities in fruits and vegetables. Antioxidants keep your body healthy and guard your cells from harm.

You should also limit your consumption of sugary and fatty foods, which can trigger inflammation in the body and lower your immune system.

In addition, limit your intake of alcohol. Ask your doctor about safe amounts of alcohol to drink per day or week.

4. Regularly wash your hands

Another fantastic year-round health tip is to wash your hands frequently. Viruses can survive for up to 24 hours on surfaces. If you touch something with a virus on it, contaminate your hands, and then touch your face, you could get sick.

Wash your hands frequently, for at least 20 seconds, with warm, soapy water. Do not touch your mouth, nose, or face with your hands.

When you are unable to wash your hands, you can still protect yourself by using antibacterial hand sanitizer. Additionally, sanitise the surfaces in your house and at your desk frequently.

5. Acquire stress management skills

Your body produces more cortisol when you are under constant stress. Your immune system might be compromised by having too much cortisol in your body.

should explore stress-relieving, fun activities, improve your physical activity, get plenty of rest, and set realistic expectations for yourself.

6. Get lots of sleep

Not only does sleep help you feel less stressed, but it also helps your body heal. This is why obtaining enough sleep might lead to a stronger immune system, which will make it simpler for your body to fight off illnesses.

As you age, sleep becomes even more crucial since it helps with memory and focus. Aim for a minimum of seven to nine hours of sleep each night.

Consult your doctor if you're having sleep issues so they can determine the root of the problem. Inactivity during the day and too much coffee are two causes of sleeplessness. Alternatively, it can be a symptom of a health issue like sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome.

7. Take precautions to avoid infections

Another strategy to keep healthy all year long is to receive yearly vaccines. Consult your doctor about receiving a high-dose or adjuvant flu vaccine if you are 65 years of age or older.

In the US, the flu season lasts from October through May. The vaccine takes around two weeks to take action, and it lowers the risk of the flu by 40% to 60%. When the vaccine strains and the circulating strains match, the source is considered reliable.

You should receive the vaccine annually since the flu virus changes every year. To prevent pneumonia and meningitis, you might also discuss obtaining pneumococcal immunisations with your doctor.

8. Arrange annual examinations

You may stay healthy by making an appointment for a yearly checkup. If you are worried about your health, always talk to your doctor.

Diabetes and high blood pressure are two conditions that may go undiagnosed. Your doctor can identify any issues early on thanks to routine physical exams. Early intervention could help you avoid long-term issues.

See your doctor right away if you get any symptoms of the flu or a cold. Adults over the age of 65 may experience difficulties from the flu virus. As we get older, our immune systems become less effective at fighting off viruses.

A doctor can prescribe an antiviral to lessen the severity and duration of flu symptoms if you visit them within the first 48 hours after developing symptoms.

9. Keep distance from sick persons.

Avoiding being around ill individuals all year round is another method to keep yourself safe. It's simpler to say than to do. However, if there is a flu outbreak in your area, restrict your contact with sick individuals and stay away from crowded places until things get better.

If you must go outside, shield your face by donning a mask. Wear gloves and a face mask while caring for someone who has the flu, and wash your hands frequently.

As you get older, diseases like the flu can be harmful. Even while you can't always avoid being sick, being proactive can help your immune system.

A robust immune system can keep you healthy all year long and reduce your susceptibility to infections.

What happens if somebody doesn’t have the mental capacity when writing their will?

Mon, 30 Jan 2023 09:29:25 GMT

In order for a will to be considered valid, the testator (i.e. the person making the will) must have sufficient mental capacity at the time of making or altering their will.

The word "mental capability" is problematic because it is frequently contested. A recent case involved a father who, a few weeks before committing himself, had disinherited his daughter and given his whole wealth to charity.

On the grounds that the testator possessed the required mental ability to draught the will, the court decided in favour of the charity.

Testamentary capacity, or whether the testator was of sound mind at the time and date of drafting or amending the will, may be at the centre of such disagreements.

The will may be found void if it is determined that the testator, the person who created it, lacked the necessary mental capacity at the time of writing it or making changes to it.

The test for capacity to execute a will is based on case law and a testator must:

understand the nature of making a will and its effects;
understand the extent of the property of which they are disposing;
be able to comprehend and appreciate the claims to which they ought to give effect.
have no disorder of the mind that perverts their sense of right or prevents the exercise of their natural faculties in disposing of their property by will.Remember that challenging a will or defending a challenge can turn out to be quite expensive in terms of legal fees, so it’s important you fully understand the intricacies of any such challenge or defence like this.If you’re not sure, please feel free to reach out to us, where we’ll put you in contact with one of our consultants.

Healthy Eating for Seniors

Sun, 29 Jan 2023 11:00:28 GMT

Maintaining health as you age requires eating a well-balanced diet. You may acquire the nutrients you require, feel energised, and maintain a healthy weight with its assistance. Additionally, it reduces your risk of developing long-term illnesses like diabetes and heart disease.

A well balanced diet

To meet your nutritional needs, eat foods that are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Limit foods that are high in processed sugars, saturated and trans fats, and salt. You may also have to adjust your diet to manage chronic health conditions.

How Does Aging Affect Your Needs and Habits?

Your dietary requirements, appetite, and eating habits may alter in a variety of ways as you age.

Calories

As you become older, you'll generally need less calories to stay at a healthy weight. Weight gain occurs when you consume more calories than you expend.

As you age, you might discover that you have less energy and more issues with your muscles or joints. You can thus experience decreased mobility and reduced calorie expenditure from physical activity. Also possible is muscular mass loss. Your metabolism will slow down as a result, decreasing your requirement for calories.

Appetite

With ageing, many people lose their appetite. Your sense of taste and smell may also deteriorate. You may eat less as a result of this.

Eating less might not be a problem if your physical activity level is lower. To keep strong muscles, bones, and organs, you must consume adequate calories and nutrients. Lack of it might result in malnutrition and health issues.

Health Conditions

Chronic health issues including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and osteoporosis are more likely to affect you as you age. Your doctor could suggest dietary adjustments to help avoid or treat certain illnesses.

For instance, you should eat meals that are high in nutrients but low in excess calories, processed sugars, saturated fats, and trans fats if you have been diagnosed with diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. Your physician could also suggest that you consume less sodium.

Some older people develop food sensitivities to foods like onions, peppers, dairy, and spicy foods. Some of these foods might need to be eliminated from your diet.

Medications

To treat chronic medical issues, you might need to take medicine. Your appetite may be impacted by some drugs. Others may interact with specific meals and dietary supplements.

For instance, you must avoid grapefruit if you are taking warfarin (Coumadin). Your body's capacity to metabolise the medication is reduced. Additionally, you must keep the amount of vitamin K in your diet constant. Consuming a lot of spinach, kale, or other leafy greens will help you receive enough vitamin K.

If you're taking a medicine, be careful to ask your doctor or pharmacist if you need to adjust your diet in any way.

Oral Health

Seniors' dental health concerns are unique. Some of these may make it difficult for you to eat. For instance, improperly fitting dentures can result in poor eating habits and malnutrition. Additionally problematic are oral infections.

Immune System

As you age, your immune system deteriorates. This increases your chance of getting food poisoning or a food-borne illness.

At every age, proper food safety procedures are critical. However, when your immune system deteriorates, you might need to take more precautions. For instance, your doctor might advise you to stay away from items like homemade mayonnaise or Caesar salad dressing that contain raw eggs.

Home Life

Your daily routine, including your eating habits, may be impacted by the loss of a spouse or other family members. You can experience depression, which might decrease your appetite. You can lack the cooking skills if a family member conducted the majority of the cooking. Some folks just decide not to eat rather than making anything for themselves to eat.

Speak to a member of your family, a reliable friend, or your doctor if you're having trouble preparing food for yourself. There might be services available in your area to ensure you're getting the nourishment you require. For instance, Meals on Wheels is offered all throughout the world, including in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other nations.

How Can You Continue to Eat Well?

Everyone has different nutritional demands. But everyone may keep a healthy diet with the aid of basic techniques.

Focus on Foods Rich in Nutrients

As you become older, your calorie demands are likely to go down while your nutritional needs either stay the same or go up. You can obtain the vitamins, minerals, protein, carbs, and fats you require by consuming nutrient-rich foods.

Get the majority of your calories from foods that are high in nutrients, like:

vegetables and fruits
beans and lentils
nuts and seeds
whole grains
low-fat dairy
lean protein

Limit foods that are high in calories, but low in nutrients. For example, save deep-fried foods, desserts, and sweetened beverages for the occasional treat. Your doctor may recommend avoiding junk food altogether.

Eat Enough Fiber

Fiber is essential for a healthy digestive system. To avoid constipation and other problems, include fiber-rich foods at every meal. Soluble fiber is especially important for maintaining healthy cholesterol levels. Good sources of fiber include:

fruits and vegetables
beans and lentils
nuts and seeds
oats and oat bran
whole grains

If you struggle to eat enough fiber, your doctor may recommend a fiber supplement, such as psyllium husk (Metamucil).

Select wholesome convenience foods

Pick the healthier options if you find yourself depending on convenience foods. For instance, the following foods can be healthful and simple to prepare:

frozen or low-sodium canned vegetables
frozen unsweetened fruit or low-sugar canned fruit
precooked grilled turkey or rotisserie chicken
low-sodium canned soup or stews
bagged salad or coleslaw mix
instant oatmeal
steamer bags of veggies in either the produce or freezer sections of grocery stores

Always read the labels on items that are prepackaged. Select products that are higher in fibre, vitamins, and minerals and lower in added sugar, salt, and saturated fat.

Think about supplements

If you have to avoid certain foods, it could be difficult for you to receive all the nutrients you need in your diet. Consult your doctor to determine whether you should take a calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, or vitamin B-12 supplement. Older Americans frequently have poorer absorption or inadequate consumption of these particular vitamins.

Specific drugs may be affected by certain supplements. Before beginning a new supplement or drug, inquire with your doctor or pharmacist about possible adverse effects.

Keep hydrated.

You might not realise when you're thirsty as you get older. Make sure you're regularly consuming fluids. Every day, try to drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water. Juice, tea, soup, and even water-rich fruits and vegetables can all provide you with some water.

Remain Social

Eat with friends and family whenever you can. Mealtimes can become pleasurable events with social contact rather than a drudgery you'd rather avoid.

5 Best Ways To Boost Your Memory

Fri, 27 Jan 2023 16:15:02 GMT

Anyone can improve their memory, unless they are experiencing memory loss as part of a medical condition.

We have some memory-boosting advice that may be helpful, whether your goal is to ace your science exam, qualify for the World Memory Championships, or maintain and improve your memory as you age.

The foundation of our internal biographies are our memories. They describe our lifetime activities and the people we have interacted with. Age-related memory loss might equate to losing one's sense of self because memories are essential to who we are as people.

Many people fret about their memory and cognitive abilities deteriorating. But why do some people age with clear memories while others lose them over time? Our ability to recall events accurately is influenced by both genes and lifestyle factors.

Memory is demonstrated to be protected by following a healthy diet, exercising frequently, monitoring our blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels, and not smoking. Memory and cognitive abilities progressively improve with use, much like muscles do.

The adage that "you can't teach an old dog new tricks" is untrue in the case of the brain, which can adapt and change even as we age. If you give your brain the correct stimulus, it can grow new brain cells and neural connections. Neuroplasticity is the term for the brain's capacity to alter, develop, and advance throughout the course of a lifetime.

Your daily routine has an impact on how well your brain functions. You can take a variety of actions to take advantage of your brain's capacity to alter and enhance your memory. Here are some tips from Medical News Today to help you improve your memory and retention.

1. Consume food that helps the brain.

The brain need nourishment just like the body does for optimum operation. The best way to fuel your brain and keep it strong and healthy for life is to eat the proper meals and stay away from the bad ones.

Mediterranean-style diet The Mediterranean diet may enhance memory and stave off cognitive deterioration.

One of the healthiest diets in the world is the Mediterranean diet. It is predicated on the consumption of lean protein, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, and legumes as well as healthy fats like olive oil, nuts, and salmon.

According to research, a Mediterranean diet helps you live longer and prevents several serious chronic diseases. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to have a long-lasting beneficial effect on cognitive function and is associated with reduced cognitive decline as well as better memory and concentration.

The consumption of extra-virgin olive oil, which is a major part of the Mediterranean diet, has been found to protect memory and learning ability as well as safeguard against cognitive decline.

Ketogenic diet

Ketogenic diets have gained public attention for an assortment of health benefit and weight loss claims. Ketogenic diets are low in carbohydrates and high in fat. Drastically reducing your intake of carbohydrates and replacing them with fat puts your body into a metabolic state known as ketosis .

Ketosis increases your body's efficiency in burning fat for energy and creates ketones from fat in the liver, which supplies energy to the brain.

Recent research has revealed that in older animals, the ketogenic diet improves memory, preserves brain function, and increases the chances that the animal will live into old age.

Memory-improving foods

Although a diet that emphasizes eating "real" rather than processed foods, avoiding trans fats and sugar, and eating healthful fats will help to fuel your brain and memory, certain foods outweigh others for their benefits.

Here are some foods that recent research has hailed as memory boosters.

Walnut consumption is associated with improved performance on cognitive function tests for memory, concentration, and speed of information processing.

Blueberry concentrate improves brain function, working memory, blood flow to the brain, and activation of the brain while conducting cognitive tests.

Lutein found in kale and spinach, as well as avocados and eggs, may counter cognitive aging and improve learning and memory.

Avocado improves cognitive function in tests evaluating memory, processing speed, and attention levels.

Cocoa and chocolate enhance working memory performance and visual information processing, and they counteract sleep deprivation-related cognitive impairment. Dietary cocoa flavanols have also been found to reverse age-related memory decline.

Caffeine — equivalent to five cups of coffee per day — reverses memory impairment in mice bred to develop symptoms of Alzheimer's disease .

Cinnamon promotes memory improvement and may target cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Peppermint tea significantly improves long-term and working memory, as well as alertness, compared with chamomile and hot water.

2. Get physically active

If you want your memory to stay sharp, it is important to keep active. Exercise increases oxygen levels in your brain, reduces your risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes — which leads to memory loss — decreases levels of stress hormones, and increases the effect of helpful brain chemicals.

Aerobic activity and resistance training may help to boost brain power in people over the age of 50.

Working out also facilitates

neuroplasticity of certain structures in the brain, which enhances cognitive function.

In an analysis investigating brain health of the over 50s, researchers found that aerobic activity and resistance training combined boosts brain power. Aerobic activity improved cognitive abilities, while resistance training enhanced memory, working memory, and executive function.

Aerobic exercise in young adults has also been shown to be a predictor of recognition memory.

Particular hormones that increase during exercise, called growth factors, help to improve memory. Growth factors mediate the connection between exercise and brain health via the hippocampus — which is a region of the brain responsible for learning and memory.

Incorporating elements of moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance training for at least 45 minutes per session, and on as many days of the week as you can manage, will likely benefit your cognitive abilities and memory. also hints that if you want to remember something you have just learned, you should aim to exercise 4 hours later. Individuals who exercised 4 hours after a learning session were better at retaining information 2 days later than individuals who exercised immediately after learning or not at all.

Exercise does not have to be all running and weights; horse riding has been shown to improve children’s cognitive ability and dancing may reverse signs of brain aging.

3. Take a nap

Do you think that enhancing your memory will be challenging? Think again; you can nap your way to a superior memory.

A dults need 7–9 hours of sleep per night to maintain physical and mental health . Sleep helps us to solidify and consolidate short-term memory to long-term memory. After sleep, people tend to improve information retention and perform better in memory tests. Skipping the recommended amount of sleep, however, interferes with the brain’s ability to form new memories.

Sleep may be a trouble-free way to improve long-term retention of information. Participants of a study who slept between learning sessions could recall 10 to 16 words on a memory test, while those who had not slept only recalled 7.5 words, on average.

Other research found that in adults aged 65 and older, taking an hour-long nap in the afternoon improved performance on cognitive tests compared with individuals who did not nap.

Those who took shorter or longer naps, or who did not nap at all, exhibited declines in their mental abilities equal to what would be expected of a 5-year age increase.

4. Give your brain a workout

The popularity of brain-training apps has turned the industry into a billion-dollar business. However, do brain-training programs really work? Evidence increasingly suggests that they do not.

Using mnemonic devices may help you to remember what you need at the grocery store.

Brain-training programs lead to improvement in the task that you have been practicing, but they do not appear to strengthen memory, intelligence, or cognitive abilities.

However, there are techniques you can use to help you learn to encode and recall important information, and these are called mnemonic devices. These methods can be your superpower when needing to remember people’s names — at a big event, for example.

Mnemonic devices are a shortcut that helps us to link the information we want to remember with a word, image, or sentence. It is a method of memorizing information that makes it stick in our brains longer and be recalled more easily.

Types of mnemonic devices include:

The method of loci , which requires you to imagine items that you would like to remember along a familiar route. Associate words or concepts with one of your locations along the way to make them easier to recall later.
Acronyms can be used as a tool to remember anything from the colors of the rainbow to the items on your shopping list. For example, you could use the acronym “CAKE” to help you remember that you need to collect cheese, apples, kale, and eggs from the store.
Rhymes can help you to recall information such as how many days there are in the month of June: “Thirty days has September, April, June, and November.”
Chunking is a way to break down large pieces of information into smaller, more manageable chunks of information, such as breaking down telephone numbers in the United States into three chunks, rather than trying to remember all 10 digits separately.
Imagery can help you to remember pairs of words, such as blue water, yellow sun, and green grass. By recalling a specific image, it can help us to recall information that we associated with that image.

The more you exercise your brain, the easier you will find it to process and remember information. The best workouts to develop new brain pathways are ones that are new and challenging.

5. Unwind and unwind

The brain is negatively affected by ongoing stress. Stress is connected to memory loss, affects the hippocampus, and kills brain cells over time. Therefore, one of the best strategies to safeguard your memory is to manage your stress.

In older persons with cognitive decline, relaxation techniques like meditation and music listening may help reverse early memory loss and reduce stress.

In a study, three months of meditation and music listening led to significant improvements in both subjective memory function and objective cognitive performance. For three months following the session, the memory and cognition gains persisted or got better.

Additionally, it has been discovered that practising Hatha yoga and mindfulness meditation for just 25 minutes each day can improve mood, increase brain activity, and improve cognitive skills.

Do you enjoy doodling or taking photographs? These hobbies could be used as tools to help with memory recall. Doodling while conducting a dull task improved recall by 29 percent over non-doodlers in one study, while taking photos improved performance in visual memory tasks in another study.

Lastly, if you find that you relax with certain aromas, you might want to try rosemary essential oil. Children who took part in a memory game after being in a rosemary-diffused room scored significantly higher than children who had been in a room with no scent.

Slowing Down Our Hectic Minds; How Do We Do It?

Tue, 24 Jan 2023 14:56:50 GMT

We are all busy busy busy these days. Even those of us now of retirement age seem to find ourselves with little time to spare.

Some of us are still employed, some of us are engaged in volunteer activities, and some of us have ailing family members. Our days appear incredibly busy in every manner.

And everyone advises us to slow down, saying it would be better.

Or at the very least, we ought to schedule a period of time during the day when we slow down, diverting our attention from our anxieties and our bodies from all the activities we are involved in.

Meditation

Meditation or mindfulness seems to be the method for slowing down that is most frequently recommended. Over the past five years or so, these have become universally endorsed.

When a top hospital doctor advised me to practise meditation as a way to manage a challenging ache, this really hit home for me. He even suggested a specific app for my smartphone.

You can meditate on your own or with a guide. When you practise guided meditation, someone - a person or a podcast, for example - talks to you about your breathing and your thoughts. It aids concentration.

As an alternative, you work by yourself. Or even during a meditation session with others.

Some people really believe that meditation improves their daily lives and swear by it. I personally find it very difficult to accomplish, and I am sure I am not alone in this.

They advise you to stop thinking and empty your thoughts, but I find that to be impossible. I try to think of nothing while I'm lying there, but there is always something on my mind.

Then I give it another shot, but this time I find myself abruptly unsure of whether the washing machine cycle is complete or whether we have enough milk for the morning. Definitely NOT meditation, this.

I am aware that meditation requires time and effort, and while you might truly enjoy it, it's not really for me. I sometimes utilise guided meditations to help me fall asleep, however as a general rule, I am not really very good at it.

Other Means of Clearing the Mind

I then started to give it some serious thought. Years ago, meditation could have been the only easy option to relax and take your mind off of daily tasks. But fortunately, we have a lot of others.

Permit me to list a few. You may have more:

Yoga

Yoga is often thought of as a workout, and it does stretch all kinds of muscles while diverting your attention from your regular duties. But when done correctly, it can also be a way to cleanse the mind of all other concerns by focusing the mind on the task at hand.

Yoga literally translates to "yoke" in Sanskrit, and its meaning is meant to illustrate how the union of the body and mind leads to greater emancipation.

Although it frequently includes specific breathing techniques, the goal of yoga is to promote some level of mental serenity even without them.

Some might contend that conventional exercises like running have the same results. or by moving. They involve the body, of course, but do take the mind to another place.

Puzzles

Although I have never heard anyone equate solving puzzles with meditation, I believe this comparison is not entirely incorrect. In addition to distracting your mind from daily concerns, these hobbies also stop your body from moving around.

Jigsaw Puzzles

These might be vintage but challenging jigsaw puzzles (not the 100-piece ones made for kids), which gained enormous popularity during lockdown. You lay out all the pieces and focus so intently on selecting the ideal ones that you are unable to think of anything else. This is why it is incredibly calming.

Although I personally don't enjoy completing puzzles, I am aware that if I did, I would likely forget to get the milk and the washing machine. Body slept and mind was clear.

Other Number and Letter Puzzles Besides Sudoku

Paper and pencil puzzles come in a wide variety today and are getting more difficult. Crossword puzzles were the only thing available in the past. They all appear to be extremely well-liked among seniors.

Crossword puzzles have never really been my thing, despite the fact that I write with words all the time; nevertheless, I do enjoy codewords and, in particular, sudokus.

Solving any of these puzzles is quite fascinating. You are totally blind to everything else. There is no time to worry about the washer.

As part of my pre-sleep regimen, I usually play two or three sudokus, and I find that they always cause me to forget other things on my mind.

Whether it's explicit meditation or another activity, they all make you slower.

Exploring the Many Benefits of Exercising with Arthritis

Tue, 24 Jan 2023 12:03:10 GMT

We are all aware of the advantages of regular exercise for our minds, bodies, and spirits. We are also aware that, on sometimes, it might be challenging to push oneself, particularly when we are experiencing osteoarthritis pain.

Arthritis is one of our special interests. This includes osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which is an inflammatory condition and a very different kettle of fish.

Osteoarthritis

Scientists now believe that OA is a disease of the joints, despite the fact that joint degeneration brought on by joint stress is still deemed to be a primary cause!

Knees, hands, fingers, and the spine are some of the joints most commonly affected by OA, which can be extremely painful and crippling. Exercise is essential to preserving movement and reducing stiffness among the many therapy options available. No treatment exists.

What Causes Osteoarthritis in Us?

The most recent studies indicates that OA is greatly influenced by heredity. Wear and tear can result from joint damage. If your employment required repetitive strain on your joints, particularly your hands, knees, and hips, your occupation may be to blame.

Sports-related joint stress is a further factor. Finally, carrying more weight makes it more difficult for your joints to function and for you to exercise.

Arthritis and the Effects of Movement

Moving for two minutes every twenty minutes is a well-known strategy for improving general health. Exercise is perhaps the most efficient non-drug method of easing pain and enhancing mobility in osteoarthritis! Although it may not seem like it, being immobile can induce stiffness that can be challenging to relieve.

Start Stretching

Stretching is essential every day! It maintains range of motion and improves mobility. All studies encourage stretching for osteoarthritis, and some studies claim that regular stretching fights the effects of ageing!

Walking Has Surprisingly Strong Arthritis Benefits

Walking can be extremely unpleasant, particularly in wet conditions. The only activity that can compete with walking in terms of little stress on the joints is swimming.

Your arthritic joints will benefit from remaining warm and weightless. However, why not try some hiking poles if walking is difficult? They encourage you to move all over while relieving pressure on your knees and ankles.

Walk or swim or try something else that appeals but keep moving.

Winter Hydration & Why It Matters

Tue, 24 Jan 2023 12:03:08 GMT

Summer's heat serves as a powerful internal reminder to hydrate better. However, as the winter months approach, we should continue to keep this in mind because, especially as we age, we can easily become dehydrated in both the summer and the winter.

Elderly People Are More Prone to Dehydration

Our ability to feel thirst decreases with age, which causes us to drink less water. Because we retain less water as we become older, older people are also more likely to become dehydrated. Even the low humidity of wintertime indoor heating might cause a person to get dehydrated more quickly than usual.

The last and most crucial item is medication. Our risk of dehydration may be increased by the medications we take. We can be taking drugs that can induce fluid loss as a side effect like vomiting or diarrhoea or we might be taking drugs that can remove water from the body and increase the amount we urinate.

When it comes to medications, find out if they put you at risk for dehydration by asking your doctor or a pharmacist.

What else can you do to maintain a successful winter hydration habit, then?

Decide on a daily water goal.

Of fact, maintaining hydration greatly depends on drinking plenty of water. A wonderful method to develop the habit of drinking water throughout the day is to always have a portable, reusable water bottle with you. So that it is ready to go when you are ready to start your day or when you are prepared to run out the door in the morning, place the water bottle that has already been filled in your refrigerator overnight.

Set timers to help remind the person you are caring for to drink water throughout the day. Get a water bottle with time marks as a treat to help you stay on track all day to achieve your goals.

Including hydrating foods will help.

The best tip for staying healthy over the winter may just be to eat your way to hydration. Include fruit with a high water content in your breakfast, such as low-fat yoghurt, strawberries, peaches, and oranges.

Prepare some grapes, cantaloupe, honeydew, bell peppers, cucumbers, celery sticks, and cucumber sticks for a snack. Include homemade soups or broths with low sodium on your winter meals.

Heat it Up

Caffeine-free herbal teas like chamomile, lemongrass, or ginger tea can keep you warm and hydrated. Your day should include warm lemon water. Even a healthy hot chocolate made with low-fat milk, dark chocolate, and maple syrup with less sugar can keep you warm and hydrated if you have a sweet craving.

Employ a humidifier

Your entire body can become dry and dehydrated due to the combination of the frigid, dry air outside and the heated, dry air inside your home. By maintaining moisture in the air of your house, a humidifier helps assist your body's need for water. Additionally, humidifiers encourage salivation and soothe dry, irritated skin.

Pay Attention to What Else You Drink

Not all drinks are made equally. Watching what we drink is just as important as watching how much. Alcohol and caffeine are diuretics, which cause water loss. Some of the advantages of consuming the fluid are countered by the caffeine in coffee, soft drinks, and tea, which causes your body to produce more water.

Even a cup of coffee tea might dehydrate you. Yerba mate, matcha, black, Pu-erh, and oolong tea are some of the teas with the greatest caffeine content, according to Medical News Today.

With so much to do and see during the winter, make sure your health is in tip-top shape by staying hydrated. Your body will appreciate it!

What's Normal Ageing?

Mon, 23 Jan 2023 17:16:11 GMT

You have a lot of say-so in how you feel as you grow older -- from your heart and eyes to your skin and bones.

You can enjoy a better body by knowing what’s natural as you age and what’s not and by learning simple steps you can try to delay or lessen the changes.

Your Heart Works Harder

Your arteries and blood vessels get stiffer as you age. To pump blood, your heart has to work harder. High blood pressure and other heart issues may result from this.

Do this: Remain active. A little moderate activity each day, whether it be walking, running, or swimming, can help you maintain a healthy weight and lower your blood pressure.

To keep your heart healthy, consume a lot of fruits, veggies, and whole grains. Stress management. Get adequate rest. Your heart and blood vessels can be repaired and healed with 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night.

Your Skin Feels Different

You might notice that your skin feels drier and less supple than it once did. That’s because your skin makes less natural oil as you age. Also, you sweat less, and you lose some of the fatty tissue just below the skin. This can make it seem thinner.

You may also notice wrinkles, age spots, and skin tags, or tiny growths of skin.

Try this: Hot water dries skin out, so take warm baths and showers.

Wear sunscreen and protective clothing when you’re outdoors. Check your skin often and tell your doctor if you notice changes, such as moles.

If you smoke, this is another good reason to try to stop. It can cause wrinkles.

You Find It Harder to See and Hear

You may find it hard to focus on objects up close. You might need reading glasses for the first time. Perhaps you see more glare or find it hard to adapt to abrupt changes of light.

When it comes to your hearing, you could have a hard time following conversations in a crowded room or hearing at high frequencies.

Try this: Get your vision and hearing checked regularly. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes outdoors. Wear earplugs to protect against or block loud noises.

Your Teeth and Gums Change

Your gums may appear to pull away from your teeth. Some medications dry out the mouth. You may be more susceptible to infections and tooth decay if you have a dry mouth.

Try this to get rid of food and plaque between your teeth: Brush twice a day and floss once. It's the best strategy to guard against tooth loss and gum disease. Visit your dentist for regular examinations and cleanings as well.

Your Bones Become More Brittle

As early as your 40s and 50s, your bones begin to weaken. They become less dense and more brittle. This increases your risk of fracture.

You might even notice you seem to be shorter. In fact, beginning in your 40s, you might get shorter by 1 to 2 inches. That happens when the disks in your spine shrink.

Your joints might feel stiffer. Fluid and cartilage that line the joints can decrease or wear away with age. As the tissues between your joints break down, you may develop arthritis.

Try this : Make sure you get enough calcium and vitamin D. Good sources of calcium in your diet include dairy products, almonds, and vegetables such as broccoli and kale. Your doctor may also recommend calcium supplements.

Vitamin D is vital to bone health because it helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone strength.. Some people are able to get enough of this nutrient by spending time in sunlight. You can also get it from tuna, sardines, egg yolks, and fortified foods such as milk and many cereals. Ask your doctor whether you need a supplement.

Going to the Bathroom

Your ability to manage your bladder can be more difficult. We refer to this as "urinary incontinence." An estimated 10% of adults 65 and older experience it.

Some of these patients leak a lot of urine before they can reach the restroom, but many of them only leak a little when they cough or sneeze. Menopause may be a factor for women. An enlarged prostate in men may be the problem.

You might also observe that you are not as consistent as you once were. Some illnesses, like diabetes, might cause a slowing of the bowels. You could become constipated with some medications. These consist of drugs for depression, Parkinson's disease, seizures, and high blood pressure. Constipation can also be caused by taking iron supplements and opioid painkillers.

Try this : If you get the urge to “go” a lot, see your doctor. In most cases, symptoms can be controlled or even cured.

Try to avoid caffeine, alcohol, sodas, and foods high in acid. These can make the condition worse.

Kegel exercises can tighten your pelvic floor muscles and may help with bladder control. Squeeze as if you’re holding your pee. Wait five seconds, then relax for five seconds. Do this four or five times in a row several times a day.

To avoid constipation, eat plenty of high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Drink lots of water. Try to exercise every day. It can help get your bowels moving.

It’s Harder Getting Around or Staying Strong

As we age, we lose muscle mass, and that can lead to weakness and reduced activity.

Try this : Get some moderate exercise every day, such as a brisk walk or lifting light weights. It will help with muscle strength and function. Check with your doctor to see how much activity is right for you.

Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins such as fish and chicken. Stay away from sugar and foods that are high in saturated fat. And eat smaller portions. You probably don’t need as many calories as you once did.

Your Sex Life Changes, Too

A woman's vaginal tissues get drier, thinner, and less elastic after menopause. Sex may become less enjoyable as a result. Breasts can appear smaller and less full when they lose tissue and fat.

Men may find it more difficult as they age to achieve or maintain an erection. This could be brought on by unintended consequences of medications or other health issues.

Do this: Consult your physician. They can give you prescription drugs to treat physical ailments or increase your desire for sex.

We are unable to go back in time. We can, however, make the most of our bodies as we age by exercising patience, care, and making wise lifestyle choices.

Dementia and Sleep: How to Manage and Treat Sleep Problems

Mon, 23 Jan 2023 13:39:54 GMT

Common sleep problems in elderly with dementia

Changes in sleep patterns are frequent in older persons, dementia patients included. The sleep hormone melatonin, which promotes sleepiness, can be impacted by dementia. Drug interactions, inactivity, and confusion brought on by dementia are among factors that affect patients' sleep. [01] It's crucial to assist your loved one in identifying the source of their sleep disruptions so they can receive a healthy amount of rest because sleep problems exacerbate other dementia symptoms.

Starting in middle age, the amount of time older persons spend sleeping drops by almost 30 minutes every ten years.

Additionally, due to the effects of dementia on the brain, sleep issues are more prevalent in adults with dementia. In fact, research suggest that between 25% and 50% of persons with dementia have sleep problems.

A dementia patient who is not sleeping through the night may be experiencing the following sleep problems:

Difficulty staying or falling asleep. This can be caused by changes in the brain, aging, problems with the sleep cycle, side effects of medication, or other factors.
Insomnia. Insomnia and dementia have been linked due to dementia-related effects, medications, and behavior and mood disturbances. Insomnia occurs in 25% to 33% of dementia patients.
Sundown syndrome . This syndrome refers to increased confusion, agitation, anxiety, and aggression in dementia patients at night or in the early evening.
Problems with movement during sleep. Dementia patients may experience restless legs syndrome, which causes an uncomfortable urge to move the legs during periods of rest, or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, which makes people act out their dreams.
Sleep talking or yelling. Dementia patients may talk in their sleep or yell at night. It’s commonly seen in certain types of dementia — especially Lewy body dementia (DLB) and vascular dementia. Dementia patients talking in their sleep may indicate a REM sleep disorder or another health condition.
Sleep-related breathing disorders. Alzheimer’s disease patients are at a higher risk for sleep breathing disorders, specifically sleep apnea as it affects about 50% of people with Alzheimer’s.

What causes excessive daytime sleepiness?

Some dementia sufferers snooze a lot during the day. They might experience fatigue and take protracted naps that harm their ability to sleep at night and their general quality of life. People with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson's disease dementia are more likely than those with Alzheimer's disease to experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

A person with dementia may have excessive daytime sleepiness for a variety of reasons, some of which are listed below:

Insufficient sleep at night
Sedating medications
Damage to brain cells caused by dementia
Changes in sleep patterns caused by dementia
Mental health conditions, such as depression
Other sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea

Should you let a dementia patient sleep whenever they want?

Simply put, no. Patients with dementia should keep a regular sleep schedule for the best rest. Long naps, especially those taken later in the day, might disturb the sleep-wake cycle of your loved one and cause more harm than good. [01] However, in cases of extreme tiredness, a catnap may be required, so exercise caution when allowing modifications to your normal sleeping schedule.

Causes of sleep problems in dementia patients

Researchers and medical professionals don't fully comprehend why dementia patients don't sleep well, but they do know that abnormalities in the brain associated with dementia appear to impair the body's circadian cycle. The circadian rhythm controls a person's sleep-wake cycle and supports critical bodily, psychological, and behavioral functions during a 24-hour period.

Here are some things that can interfere with a dementia patient's circadian cycle and make it hard for them to sleep:

Little exposure to sunlight during the day, especially in the morning
Inactivity during the day
Mental or physical exhaustion and stress at night
Chronic pain
A poor sleep environment, such as a noisy or bright room
Medication side effects
Diet, such as excessive caffeine, sugar, or alcohol
Dementia-related confusion

People with dementia frequently have many factors for their sleep issues. Discuss your loved one's exact symptoms with a doctor. The doctor might inquire about your parent's sleeping patterns, prescriptions, nutrition, and any other medical issues. These data can aid a doctor in determining the cause of your loved one's sleep disturbance.

How to get dementia patients to sleep at night: 9 tips for better sleep

Increasing sleep is likely to be a top priority if you're taking care of a family one who has dementia. The mood, health, and quality of life of your loved one can all be enhanced by getting enough sleep, as can your own. You can prevent nocturnal dementia episodes by learning how to encourage good habits throughout the day and how to comfort dementia sufferers at night. The following advice can help you keep dementia sufferers in bed at night.

1. Treat pain and other medical conditions. Getting to the root cause of chronic pain may help improve your loved one’s sleep. If a condition like sleep apnea is the problem, consult with their doctor for solutions. If restless legs syndrome is disturbing your parent’s sleep, a magnesium supplement may help. ^[12] Be sure to check with your loved one’s doctor or pharmacist before introducing any new supplements.

2. Create a soothing environment. Make sure your loved one’s room is set up to promote good sleep. The room should be dark, quiet, and cool. Set the temperature between 60 and 67 degrees Fahrenheit, and consider using a white-noise machine to minimize external noises and agitation. ^[13]

3. Check for medication side effects and avoid stimulants. Many people with dementia take several medications. Some of these drugs, such as stimulants or diuretics, can interfere with sleep. In fact, stimulants like caffeine, alcohol, sugar, and nicotine are known for disrupting sleep. ^[14]

In some cases, it’s also possible to switch medications or change the time of day a certain drug is given to help improve sleep. Be sure to check with a doctor before making any changes to your loved one’s medication regimen.

4. Encourage activity during the day. Help your loved one stay physically, socially, and mentally active throughout the day. For example, you can start mornings with a walk, have a friend over for lunch, and play brain games in the afternoon. Remember, every day doesn’t need to be filled with multiple activities, so be sure to spread them out to minimize exhaustion and confusion.

5. Get some sunlight and minimize blue light. Get outside or into bright lights soon after waking up in the morning to help regulate the sleep cycle. Using a bright light therapy lamp in the morning has been shown to improve rest and sleep efficiency in dementia patients. ^[15] Additionally, practice dimming the lights and minimizing blue light exposure in the evening to help your loved one wind down.

6. Establish a sleep schedule and routine. Try to get your loved one to go to bed at the same time each night and limit daytime naps. Creating a calming bedtime routine may also help. For example, you may dim the lights, play soothing music, make some chamomile tea, and use aromatherapy to promote sleep before bedtime.

7. Don’t use physical restraints. You may consider using restraints to prevent nighttime wandering. This may instead cause frustration and agitation, leading to more sleep disturbances. Instead, if you have a bed with guard rails, raise the rails. This may help to deter them from climbing out of bed and wandering.

8. Try a weighted blanket. Recent research has shown promising results with weighted blankets for seniors and seniors with dementia alike. Seniors reported falling asleep faster and remaining asleep, while their caregivers noted they had more energy and less anxiety during the day. A weighted blanket should equal about 10% of a senior’s weight to provide a calming effect. ^[16]

9. Use nightlights and bed alarms. Nightlights in hallways and bathrooms can help prevent nighttime confusion or accidents if your loved one gets up in the night to walk around. A bed alarm can also alert caregivers of nighttime wandering, so they can stay proactive in preventing falls or injuries.

Sleep aids for dementia patients: Medications, supplements, and more

A doctor could occasionally recommend drugs to put your loved one to sleep. However, long-term use is not advised because older persons with dementia are more likely to encounter the unfavorable side effects of sleep medications. In fact, it has been found that both over-the-counter and prescription sleep aids greatly raise the risk of dementia worsening, falls, confusion, and a reduction in self-care abilities. [11][17]

It's common for doctors to give antipsychotic drugs based on the behavior's that go along with the changes in sleep patterns. Antipsychotic drugs have been related to an increased risk of stroke and death in older persons with dementia, thus this choice should be made with the utmost caution.

What is the best sleep aid for dementia patients?

There isn't a single optimal sleep aid for dementia-affected elderly. However, recent research suggests that melatonin supplementation paired with bright light therapy may enhance sleep in dementia-affected older persons. Bright light therapy regulates the circadian rhythm by using either natural light from outside or artificial light from within, which lessens the impact of dementia-related sleep problems.

Melatonin is only advised, nevertheless, after other behavioral, non-drug treatments have failed.

Melatonin is a potent hormone even though it is available over-the-counter, and it can cause dependence. Before choosing hormones like melatonin, you might also think about utilising natural therapies. Herbs like valerian root, kava, and chamomile are readily accessible in your neighbourhood health food store and have been used for centuries to encourage sound sleep.

Everything You Need to Know About Heart Disease

Sat, 14 Jan 2023 15:51:59 GMT

Heart disease doesn’t discriminate.

Nobody is immune to heart disease. For a number of populations, including whites, Hispanics, and Black people, it is the top cause of death. A growing percentage of Americans—nearly half—are at risk for developing heart disease. Find out more information regarding the rise in heart disease rates.

Even though heart disease can be fatal, the majority of people can avoid getting it. You may live longer and have a healthier heart if you start developing good living habits early.

What are the different types of heart disease?

Heart disease encompasses a wide range of cardiovascular problems. Several diseases and conditions fall under the umbrella of heart disease. Types of heart disease include:

Arrhythmia. An arrhythmia is a heart rhythm abnormality.
Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries.
Cardiomyopathy. This condition causes the heart’s muscles to harden or grow weak .
Congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects are heart irregularities that are present at birth.
Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is caused by the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries. It’s sometimes called ischemic heart disease.
Heart infections. Heart infections may be caused by bacteria , viruses , or parasites.

The term cardiovascular disease may be used to refer to heart conditions that specifically affect the blood vessels.

What are the symptoms of heart disease?

Different types of heart disease may result in a variety of different symptoms.

Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms. The symptoms you experience may depend on the type of arrhythmia you have — heartbeats that are too fast or too slow . Symptoms of an arrhythmia include:

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis reduces blood supply to your extremities. In addition to chest pain and shortness of breath , symptoms of atherosclerosis include:

coldness , especially in the limbs
numbness , especially in the limbs
unusual or unexplained pain
weakness in your legs and arms

Congenital heart defects

Congenital heart defects are heart problems that develop when a fetus is growing. Some heart defects are never diagnosed. Others may be found when they cause symptoms, such as:

blue-tinged skin
swelling of the extremities
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
fatigue and low energy
irregular heart rhythm

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

CAD is plaque buildup in the arteries that move oxygen-rich blood through the heart and lungs. Symptoms of CAD include:

chest pain or discomfort
a feeling of pressure or squeezing in the chest
shortness of breath
nausea
feelings of indigestion or gas

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease that causes the muscles of the heart to grow larger and turn rigid, thick, or weak. Symptoms of this condition include:

fatigue
bloating
swollen legs, especially ankles and feet
shortness of breath
pounding or rapid pulse

Heart infections

The term heart infection may be used to describe conditions such as endocarditis or myocarditis . Symptoms of a heart infection include:

chest pain
chest congestion or coughing
fever
chills
skin rash

What are the symptoms of heart disease in women?

Women often experience different signs and symptoms of heart disease than men, specifically with regards to CAD and other cardiovascular diseases.

In fact, a 2003 study looked at the symptoms most often seen in women who’d experienced a heart attack. The top symptoms didn’t include “classic” heart attack symptoms such as chest pain and tingling. Instead, the study reported that women were more likely to say they experienced anxiety , sleep disturbances , and unusual or unexplained fatigue.

What’s more, 80 percent of the women in the study reported experiencing these symptoms for at least one month before their heart attack occurred.

Symptoms of heart disease in women can also be confused with other conditions, such as depression , menopause , and anxiety.

Common heart disease symptoms in women include:

dizziness
paleness
shortness of breath or shallow breathing
lightheadedness
fainting or passing out
anxiety
nausea
vomiting
jaw pain
neck pain
back pain
indigestion or gaslike pain in the chest and stomach
cold sweats

What causes heart disease?

Heart disease is a collection of diseases and conditions that cause cardiovascular problems. Each type of heart disease is caused by something entirely unique to that condition. Atherosclerosis and CAD result from plaque buildup in the arteries. Other causes of heart disease are described below.

Arrhythmia causes

Causes of an abnormal heart rhythm include:

diabetes
CAD
heart defects, including congenital heart defects
medications, supplements, and herbal remedies
high blood pressure (hypertension)
excessive alcohol or caffeine use
substance use disorders
stress and anxiety
existing heart damage or disease

Congenital heart defect causes

This heart disease occurs while a baby is still developing in the womb. Some heart defects may be serious and diagnosed and treated early. Some may also go undiagnosed for many years.

Your heart’s structure can also change as you age. This can create a heart defect that may lead to complications and problems.

Cardiomyopathy causes

Several types of cardiomyopathy exist. Each type is the result of a separate condition.

Dilated cardiomyopathy. It’s unclear what causes this most commonTrusted Source
type of cardiomyopathy, which leads to a weakened heart. It may be the result of previous damage to the heart, such as the kind caused by drugs, infections, and heart attack. It may also be an inherited condition or the result of uncontrolled blood pressure .
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This type of heart disease leads to a thicker heart muscle . It’s usually inherited.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy. It’s often unclear what leads to this type of cardiomyopathy, which results in rigid heart walls. Possible causes may include scar tissue buildup and a type of abnormal protein buildup known as amyloidosis .

Heart infection causes

Bacteria, parasites, and viruses are the most common causes of heart infections. Uncontrolled infections in the body can also harm the heart if they’re not properly treated.

What are some risk factors for heart disease?

Some of the risk factors include:

high blood pressure
high cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) , the “good” cholesterol
smoking
obesity
physical inactivity

Smoking, for example, is a controllable risk factor. People who smoke double their risk of developing heart disease, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Trusted Source

People with diabetes may also be at higher risk for heart disease because high blood glucose levels increase the risk of:

If you have diabetes, it’s essential to control your glucose to limit your risk for developing heart disease.

Risk factors you can’t control

Other risk factors for heart disease include:

family history
ethnicity
sex
age

Although these risk factors aren’t controllable, you may be able to monitor their effects. According to the Mayo Clinic , a family history of CAD is especially concerning if it involved a:

male relative under 55 years old, such as a father or brother
female relative under 65 years old, such as a mother or sister

Non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and people of Asian or Pacific Island heritage have a higher risk than Native Alaskans or Native Americans. Also, men are at greater risk for heart disease than women. In fact, the CDC estimates between 70 and 89 percent of all cardiac events in the United States occur in men.

Finally, your age can increase your risk for heart disease. From ages 20 to 59, men and women are at a similar risk for CAD. After age 60, however, the percentage of men affected rises to between 19.9 and 32.2 percent. Only 9.7 to 18.8 percent of women that age are affected.

How is heart disease diagnosed?

Your doctor may order several types of tests and evaluations to make a heart disease diagnosis. Some of these tests can be performed before you ever show signs of heart disease. Others may be used to look for possible causes of symptoms when they develop.

Physical exams and blood tests

The first thing your doctor will do is perform a physical exam and take an account of the symptoms you’ve been experiencing. Then they’ll want to know your family and personal medical history. Genetics can play a role in some heart diseases. If you have a close family member with heart disease, share this information with your doctor.

Blood tests are frequently ordered. This is because they can help your doctor see your cholesterol levels and look for signs of inflammation.

Noninvasive tests

A variety of noninvasive tests may be used to diagnose heart disease.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This test can monitor your heart’s electrical activity and help your doctor spot any irregularities.
Echocardiogram. This ultrasound test can give your doctor a close picture of your heart’s structure.
Stress test. This exam is performed while you complete a strenuous activity , such as walking, running, or riding a stationary bike. During the test, your doctor can monitor your heart’s activity in response to changes in physical exertion.
Carotid ultrasound. To get a detailed ultrasound of your carotid arteries , your doctor may order this ultrasound test.
Holter monitor. Your doctor may ask you to wear this heart rate monitor for 24 to 48 hours. It allows them to get an extended view of your heart’s activity.
Tilt table test. If you’ve recently experienced fainting or lightheadedness when standing up or sitting down, your doctor may order this test. During it, you’re strapped to a table and slowly raised or lowered while they monitor your heart rate , blood pressure , and oxygen levels.
CT scan. This imaging test gives your doctor a highly-detailed X-ray image of your heart.
Heart MRI. Like a CT scan, a heart MRI can provide a very detailed image of your heart and blood vessels.

Invasive tests

If a physical exam, blood tests, and noninvasive tests aren’t conclusive, your doctor may want to look inside your body to determine what’s causing any unusual symptoms. Invasive tests may include:

Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. Your doctor may insert a catheter into your heart through the groin and arteries. The catheter will help them perform tests involving the heart and blood vessels. Once this catheter is in your heart, your doctor can perform a coronary angiography . During a coronary angiography, a dye is injected into the delicate arteries and capillaries surrounding the heart. The dye helps produce a highly detailed X-ray image.
Electrophysiology study. During this test, your doctor may attach electrodes to your heart through a catheter. When the electrodes are in place, your doctor can send electric pulses through and record how the heart responds.

What treatments are available for heart disease ?

Treatment for heart disease largely depends on the type of heart disease you have as well as how far it has advanced. For example, if you have a heart infection, your doctor is likely to prescribe an antibiotic.

If you have plaque buildup, they may take a two-pronged approach: prescribe a medication that can help lower your risk for additional plaque buildup and look to help you adopt healthy lifestyle changes.

Treatment for heart disease falls into three main categories:

Lifestyle changes

Healthy lifestyle choices can help you prevent heart disease. They can also help you treat the condition and prevent it from getting worse. Your diet is one of the first areas you may seek to change.

A low-sodium , low-fat diet that’s rich in fruits and vegetables may help you lower your risk for heart disease complications . One example is the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet .

Likewise, getting regular exercise and quitting tobacco can help treat heart disease. Also look to reduce your alcohol consumption .

Medications

A medication may be necessary to treat certain types of heart disease. Your doctor can prescribe a medication that can either cure or control your heart disease. Medications may also be prescribed to slow or stop the risk for complications. The exact drug you’re prescribed depends on the type of heart disease you have. Read more about the drugs that may be prescribed to treat heart disease.

Surgery or invasive procedures

In some cases of heart disease, surgery or a medical procedure is necessary to treat the condition and prevent worsening symptoms.

For example, if you have arteries that are blocked entirely or almost completely by plaque buildup, your doctor may insert a stent in your artery to return regular blood flow. The procedure your doctor will perform depends on the type of heart disease you have and the extent of damage to your heart.

How can I prevent heart disease?

Some risk factors for heart disease can’t be controlled, like your family history, for example. But it’s still important to lower your chance of developing heart disease by decreasing the risk factors that you can control.

Aim for healthy blood pressure and cholesterol numbers

Having healthy blood pressure and cholesterol ranges are some of the first steps you can take for a healthy heart. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). A healthy blood pressure is considered less than 120 systolic and 80 diastolic, which is often expressed as “120 over 80” or “01255 421621 mm Hg.” Systolic is the measurement of pressure while the heart is contracting. Diastolic is the measurement when the heart is resting. Higher numbers indicate that the heart is working too hard to pump blood.

Your ideal cholesterol level will depend on your risk factors and heart health history. If you’re at a high risk of heart disease, have diabetes , or have already had a heart attack , your target levels will be below those of people with low or average risk.

Find ways to manage stress

As simple as it sounds, managing stress can also lower your risk for heart disease. Don’t underestimate chronic stress as a contributor to heart disease. Speak with your doctor if you’re frequently overwhelmed, anxious, or are coping with stressful life events, such as moving, changing jobs, or going through a divorce.

Embrace a healthier lifestyle

Eating healthy foods and exercising regularly are also important. Make sure to avoid foods high in saturated fat and salt . Doctors recommend 30 to 60 minutes of exercise

on most days for a total of 2 hours and 30 minutes each week. Check with your doctor to make sure you can safely meet these guidelines, especially if you already have a heart condition.

If you smoke, stop. The nicotine in cigarettes causes blood vessels to constrict, making it harder for oxygenated blood to circulate. This can lead to atherosclerosis.

What lifestyle changes does heart disease require?

If you’ve recently received a heart disease diagnosis, talk to your doctor about steps you can take to stay as healthy as possible. You can prepare for your appointment by creating a detailed list of your everyday habits. Possible topics include:

medications you take
your regular exercise routine
your typical diet
any family history of heart disease or stroke
personal history of high blood pressure or diabetes
any symptoms you’re experiencing, such as a racing heart, dizziness, or lack of energy

Seeing your doctor regularly is just one lifestyle habit you can take up. If you do, any potential issues can be caught as early as possible. Certain risk factors, such as high blood pressure, may be addressed with medications to lower your risk of heart disease.

Your doctor may also provide tips for:

quitting smoking
controlling blood pressure
exercising regularly
maintaining healthy cholesterol levels
losing weight if you’re overweight
eating healthy

Making these changes all at once might not be possible. Discuss with your healthcare provider which lifestyle changes will have the biggest impact. Even small steps toward these goals will help keep you at your healthiest.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Older Adults

Sat, 10 Dec 2022 12:16:06 GMT

The classic symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) are burning pain and frequent urination.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is characterised by burning discomfort and frequent urination. In elderly persons, these typical symptoms of UTIs can not appear. Adults over the age of 65, especially those who have dementia, may instead exhibit behavioural signs like bewilderment.

Although the link between UTI and disorientation has been proven, this link is still unidentified.

Understanding urinary tract infections

The urinary tract includes:

the urethra, which is the opening that carries urine from your bladder
the ureters
the bladder
the kidneys

When bacteria enter the urethra and your immune system doesn’t fight them off, they may spread to the bladder and kidneys. The result is a UTI.

According to a study, over 10.5 million doctor visits in the US occurred as a result of UTIs in 2007. Because women's urethras are shorter than men's, they are more susceptible than males to develop UTIs.

As you become older, your risk of UTI rises. UTIs make up more than one-third of all infections in nursing home residents, claims one study (Reliable Source). More than 10% of women over 65 say they had a UTI in the previous year. In women over 85, that percentage rises to approximately 30%.

As they age, men also have a tendency to get more UTIs.

Symptoms of a urinary tract infection in older adults

It may be hard to figure out that an older adult has a UTI because they don’t always show classic signs. This may be due to a slower or suppressed immune response.

Classic UTI symptoms include:

urethral burning with urination
pelvic pain
frequent urination
an urgent need to urinate
a fever
chills
urine with an abnormal odor

When an older adult has classic UTI symptoms, they may be unable to tell you about them. That may be due to age-related issues such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease . Symptoms such as confusion may be vague and mimic other conditions.

Other UTI symptoms may include:

incontinence
agitation
lethargy
falls
urinary retention
decreased mobility
decreased appetite

Other symptoms may occur if the infection spreads to the kidneys. These severe symptoms can include:

a fever
flushed skin
back pain
nausea
vomiting

Why do urinary tract infections occur?

Bacteria are typically the main cause of UTIs in people of any age. Although Escherichia coli is the main culprit, a UTI can also be brought on by other species.

Bacteria like Enterococci and Staphylococci are more frequent causes in elderly persons who use catheters or who reside in nursing homes or other full-time care facilities.

Risk factors for urinary tract infection in older adults

Certain factors may increase the risk of UTIs in older people.

Conditions common in older adults may lead to urinary retention or neurogenic bladder. This increases the risk of UTIs. These conditions include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease , and diabetes .

They often require people to wear incontinence briefs. If the briefs aren’t changed regularly, an infection may occur.

Several other things put older adults at risk for developing a UTI:

a history of UTIs
dementia
catheter use
bladder incontinence
bowel incontinence
a prolapsed bladder

In women

Postmenopausal women are at risk of UTIs because of estrogen deficiency . Estrogen may help protect the vagina and urethra from an overgrowth of E. coli. When estrogen decreases during menopause, E. coli may take over and trigger an infection.

In men

The following may increase the risk of UTIs in men:

a bladder stone
a kidney stone
an enlarged prostate
catheter use
bacterial prostatitis , which is a chronic infection of the prostate

Diagnosing a urinary tract infection in older adults

Vague, uncommon symptoms such as confusion make UTIs challenging to diagnose in many older adults. If your doctor suspects a UTI, a urinalysis will likely be ordered along with other tests to determine the true cause of the symptoms.

Your doctor may perform a urine culture to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection and the best antibiotic to treat it.

There are home UTI tests that check urine for nitrates and leukocytes. Both are often present in UTIs. Because bacteria are often in the urine of older adults to some degree, these tests aren’t always accurate. Call your doctor if you take a home test and get a positive result.

Treating a urinary tract infection in older adults

Not every UTI requires treatment with antibiotics. For example, asymptomatic older adults in hospitals and residential care facilities are usually not prescribed antibiotics because of the risk of drug resistance and even more dangerous opportunistic infections. When indicated, antibiotics are the treatment of choice for symptomatic UTIs. Your doctor may prescribe amoxicillin and nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin).

More severe infections may require a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin (Cetraxal, Ciloxan) and levofloxacin (Levaquin).

You should start antibiotics as soon as possible and take them for the entire duration of treatment as prescribed by your doctor. Stopping treatment early, even if symptoms resolve, increases the risks of recurrence and antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic overuse also increases your risk for antibiotic resistance. For this reason, your doctor will likely prescribe the shortest treatment course possible. Treatment typically lasts no more than 7 days, and your infection should clear up in a few days.

It’s important to drink plenty of water during treatment to help flush out the remaining bacteria.

People who have two or more UTIs in 6 months or three or more UTIs in 12 months can use prophylactic antibiotics. This means taking an antibiotic every day to prevent a UTI.

Healthy older adults may want to try over-the-counter UTI pain relievers such as phenazopyridine (Azo), acetaminophen (Tylenol), or ibuprofen (Advil) to ease burning and frequent urination.

Other medications are also available online.

A heating pad or hot water bottle may help relieve pelvic pain and back pain. Older adults who have other medical conditions shouldn’t use home remedies without first consulting a doctor.

How to prevent urinary tract infections in older adults

It’s impossible to prevent all UTIs, but there are steps that help lessen a person’s chance of infection. They can do this by:

drinking plenty of fluids
changing incontinence briefs frequently
avoiding bladder irritants, such as caffeine and alcohol
keeping the genital area clean by wiping front to back after going to the bathroom
not using douches
urinating as soon as the urge hits
using vaginal estrogen

Proper nursing home or long-term care is critical in preventing UTIs, especially for people who are immobile and unable to take care of themselves. They rely on others to keep them clean and dry.

If you or a loved one is a nursing home resident, talk to management about how they manage personal hygiene. Make sure they’re aware of UTI symptoms in older adults and how to respond.

Depression and Ageing

Wed, 07 Dec 2022 15:47:23 GMT

What Is Depression?

Older adults frequently experience clinical depression. That doesn't imply that it's typical. Approximately 6 million Americans aged 65 and older suffer from late-life depression. However, just 10% receive care. The most likely explanation is that elderly persons frequently have various depressive symptoms. Elderly depression is sometimes mistaken for the side effects of many illnesses and medications used to treat them.

How Does Depression in Older People Differ From Depression in Younger Adults?

Depression affects older people differently than younger people. In older people, depression often goes along with other medical illnesses and disabilities and lasts longer.

An increased risk of heart disorders and illness-related death is associated with depression in older persons. Depression also hinders an elderly person's capacity for rehabilitation. Studies of nursing home residents with physical ailments have revealed that depression significantly raises the risk of passing away from those conditions. Additionally, depression has been connected to a higher risk of passing away following a heart attack. Therefore, even if the depression is moderate, it's crucial to make sure an older adult you are worried about gets assessed and treated.

It's possible that older individuals lack the overt signs of depression. They might instead:

Feel tired
Have trouble sleeping
Be grumpy or irritable
Feel confused
Struggle to pay attention
Not enjoy activities they used to
Move more slowly
Have a change in weight or appetite
Feel hopeless, worthless, or guilty
Endure aches and pains
Have suicidal thoughts

Using a series of standard questions, a primary care doctor can check for depression, allowing for better diagnosis and treatment. Doctors are encouraged to routinely check for depression. This can happen during a visit for a chronic illness or at a wellness visit.

Suicide risk is significantly increased by depression, particularly among older white men. Ages 80 to 84 have a suicide rate that is more than twice as high as the general population. Depression among adults 65 and older is regarded by the National Institute of Mental Health as a serious public health issue.

In addition, growing older sometimes coincides with the loss of social support networks brought on by a spouse or sibling's passing, retirement, or migration. Doctors and family members could overlook depression symptoms due to changes in an older person's surroundings and the expectation that they will slow down. As a result, prompt treatment is frequently delayed, causing many elderly persons to experience needless despair.

How Is Insomnia Related to Depression in Older Adults?

Depression frequently has a symptom of insomnia. Studies have shown that insomnia, especially in older persons, increases the likelihood of developing new depression or relapsing depression.

Experts may advise avoiding or limiting the use of benzodiazepines (such as Ativan, Klonopin, or Xanax) or more recent "hypnotic" medications (such as Ambien or Lunesta) to treat insomnia because they may increase the risk of impaired alertness, respiratory depression, and falls, according to the American Geriatric Society.

Melatonin, a hormone, or doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant in a low-dose formulation are frequently recommended by experts for the treatment of geriatric insomnia (Silenor). Both of these uses also occasionally call for the prescription of other, potentially sedating antidepressants like Remeron or trazodone. The sleep aid Belsomra has also been found to be effective and safe in older adults. If there's no improvement in the sleep disorder or depression, a psychiatrist or psychopharmacologist may prescribe other medications , psychotherapy , or both.

What Are the Risk Factors for Depression in Older Adults?

Things that raise the risk of depression in older people include:

being female
being unmarried, single, divorced, or widowed
not having a strong social network
stressful circumstances

Depression risk is also increased by physical illnesses such dementia, cancer, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, stroke, and chronic pain. Additionally, older persons frequently exhibit these depression risk factors:

certain medications or drug combinations
Body image issues (from amputation, cancer surgery, or heart attack)
Dependency, whether manifested by hospitalisation or the requirement for home health care
Disability
Major depressive disorder in the family
dread of dying
solitude and social exclusion
Other ailments
past attempt at suicide (s)
existence of acute or persistent discomfort
Previous depression history
loss of a close one recently
abusing drugs

Brain scans of people who develop their first depression in old age often reveal spots in the brain that may not get enough blood flow, believed to result from years of high blood pressure . Chemical changes in these brain cells may enhance the likelihood of depression separate from any life stress.

What Medicines Can Treat Depression in Older People?

Medicine, psychotherapy, counselling, electroconvulsive therapy, and other more recent types of brain stimulation are all modalities of treatment for depression (such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or rTMS). These therapies may occasionally be combined. Among other things, a doctor's recommendation will rely on the type and intensity of depressive symptoms, previous therapies, and general health.

How Do Antidepressants Help Older People With Depression?

Antidepressants may assist older persons, according to studies, although they may not always work as well as they do for younger patients. A careful analysis of the possibility of adverse effects or potential interactions with other medications is also necessary. For example, certain older antidepressants such as amitriptyline and imipramine can be sedating, may cause confusion, or might cause a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person stands up. That can lead to falls and fractures .

Medications you might get include:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like citalopram ( Celexa ), escitalopram ( Lexapro ), fluoxetine ( Prozac ), paroxetine ( Paxil ), and sertraline ( Zoloft )
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq ), duloxetine ( Cymbalta ), and venlafaxine ( Effexor )
Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMS) including vilazodone ( Viibryd ) and vortioxetine ( Trintellix )
Atypical antidepressants , such as bupropion ( Aplenzin , Wellbutrin ), mirtazapine ( Remeron ), and trazodone ( Oleptro ER )
Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), like isocarboxazid ( Marplan ), phenelzine ( Nardil ), selegiline ( Eldepryl , Emsam , Zelapar ), and tranylcypromine ( Parnate )

When compared to younger people, antidepressants may take longer to start working in older individuals. Doctors may first recommend lesser doses of medication because elderly patients are more sensitive to it. In general, older people require more time in treatment for depression than do younger patients.

Can Psychotherapy Help Older Adults With Depression?

Support from friends and family, participation in self-help and support groups, and psychotherapy are all beneficial in the opinion of the majority of depressed people. People who have had significant life events, such as the loss of friends and family, moving, and health issues, as well as those who would rather not take medication and only have mild to moderate symptoms, will benefit most from psychotherapy. Additionally, it is beneficial to those who are unable to take pharmaceuticals due to adverse effects, drug combinations, or other conditions.

The functional and social effects of depression can be addressed in a wide variety of ways through psychotherapy in older persons. Along with antidepressant medications, psychotherapy is frequently advised by doctors.

Uses for Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

ECT can be quite helpful in treating depression in older persons. ECT is frequently a safe and effective treatment option for depression when older people cannot take traditional antidepressant medications due to side effects or interactions with other medications, when depression is very severe and interferes with basic daily functioning (such as eating, bathing, and grooming), or when risk for suicide is particularly high.

What Issues Impact Depression Treatment for Older Adults?

Among elderly adults, the stigma associated with mental illness and psychiatric care is much stronger. The stigma associated with being older can prevent people from even acknowledging to themselves that they are depressed. Additionally, it is possible for older adults and their family to mistakenly label depressive symptoms as "natural" responses to life's pressures, losses, or ageing process.

Additionally, bodily issues rather than the typical symptoms of depression may be used as an expression. This postpones necessary therapy. Additionally, older persons who are sad might not seek help because they mistakenly think they have no chance of getting it.

Due to adverse effects or cost, older persons may also refuse to take their prescribed medications. Additionally, using antidepressant medications along with some other conditions can reduce their effectiveness. Abuse of other drugs and alcohol can aggravate depression and make it more difficult to get well. Additionally, negative life experiences including the loss of family or friends, destitution, and solitude may lessen a person's desire to continue receiving therapy.

Arthritis and intimate hygiene

Tue, 22 Nov 2022 14:25:44 GMT

Arthritis is now the biggest cause of disability in Britain. More than 9.25million people are affected. The figure reinforces how few people with limitations are born with their affliction- it could be you!

Arthritis Research UK has published guidance on dealing with daily life, particularly the bathroom. After all, its one of the most often used rooms: just going to the loo is something we do on average eight times a day.

Yet too often, the impact of being able to do that one function is overlooked. It is common for furniture such as riser recliners to be employed to help people get up from their chair- often a problem for arthritis sufferers. But what about being able to get on and off the WC? That is rarely addressed.

Believe it or not, there are toilet equivalents, called toilet lifters. Just simply lean against the seat, triggerthe mechanism, and the unit gently lowers you onto the loo, then, when triggered, raises you to standing again. Most versions have a tilting action to the seat, to position you ‘automatically’ in a standing position: the action is more suited to users with strength and control over their legs and knees. There are vertical lift options available, better for people with a degree of strength in their arms. Some users say they feel safer too with the vertical option, that, with the tilting action, they feel insecure…

Arthritis UK’s guidance recommends replacement of the conventional WC with an automatic shower/ bidet toilet. The fixture looks like, and can still be used as a conventional WC by other members of the household; its integrated douching, and (in selected models) drying means, that if you do have limitations, you don’t have to struggle to wipe clean afterwards: the toilet does it for you. There’s no need to try and tear off toilet tissue, no need to struggle to wipe.

We would use the analogy: do you feel cleaner if you’ve showered before dressing, or just maybe wiped with a flannel and got dressed?

It is worth investigating, if you go this route, how easily you can operate it, as various mechanisms exist which require varying degrees of manual dexterity to trigger. NB Closomat’s Palma Vita is the only one that has a variety of options, that can not only be incorporated initially, but also added should your condition deteriorate.

Or you could go for a height adjustable wash and dry toilet, which in effect combines all the functions above, in a more contemporary, stylish solution. The unit can be raised to the most convenient height for you, then lowered to a comfortable height for you to sit and toilet. When you have finished toileting, the WC will flush, douche and dry you.

Whichever option is chosen, solutions therefore exist that enable you to still be able to go to the loo, and be very clean, and dry, afterwards. Your dignity and privacy is not compromised by having to rely on care support to help you on, off, clean you.

18 Signs Your Ageing Parent Needs Help

Wed, 16 Nov 2022 14:23:28 GMT

From spoiled food to living in the same pair of pyjamas, certain signs can suggest an aging parent needs help now.

No one knows your parents or loved ones like you do — still, it’s helpful to know common warning signs that may signal trouble or the need for a little extra support.

Bounced checks, calls from collections, and late payment notices
Are they paying bills late or not paying them at all? Are collection companies calling?
Broken or damaged appliances and fixtures
Have they stopped cooking or maintaining a regular meal schedule because their kitchen appliances don’t work? Are important items, such as light bulbs or smoke alarms, breaking or not being tended to?
Changes in mood or extreme mood swings
Are your parents acting differently toward you, friends, or even strangers?
Cluttered, dirty, or disorganized house
Is the home beginning to look and feel different or unrecognizable?
Confusion and uncertainty when performing familiar tasks
Do your parents seem unsure about how to complete daily chores or tasks such as laundry, vacuuming, or washing dishes?
Feeling depressed or having little to no energy
Has your parent’s demeanor noticeably changed? Do they smile or laugh like they used to?
Wearing disheveled or tattered clothing
Do your parents regularly neglect their appearance? Are their clothes worn or dirty?
Keeping expired groceries
Is food collecting mold on the counter or making the fridge and house smell?
Forgetfulness
Are they losing or misplacing keys, wallets, or other important items?
Improper medication management
Are there full bottles of prescription pills in medicine cabinets?
Leaving house or yard maintenance unattended
Are weeds growing uncontrollably? Is trash piling up outside?
Loss of interest in activities or hobbies they once enjoyed
When was the last time they did something they loved?
Missing important appointments
Are they frequently rescheduling missed appointments or simply not showing up?
Weight loss or poor dieting habits
Are they eating much less or consuming only fast food or prepackaged snacks?
Poor personal hygiene
Do they have bad breath or body odor more often?
Trouble getting up from a seated position
Are they struggling to sit or stand?
Frequent injuries or bruising
Do they have unexplained and more frequent bruises, scratches, or cuts?
Unexplained dents or damage on their car
Are they getting into more accidents? In general, are they not paying attention to their car or safety?

If you notice any of these signs, it may be helpful to write down your concerns. Talking with your siblings and other relatives, or perhaps planning an elder care family meeting , can be extremely helpful. The Distinguished team are always on hand to offer any additional advice and manage any support plans that may be required.

Staying Sharp

Sat, 22 Oct 2022 15:11:45 GMT

How Working Out Works the Mind

You might not be surprised as you age if your vision becomes somewhat blurrier, your hearing becomes slightly duller, your joints become slightly sore, and your thinking becomes slightly slower.

What if, though, that final stage is optional?

Dementia is not a natural aspect of ageing. By following the proper dietary and lifestyle recommendations, certain forms can be avoided or even reversed.

Lack of physical activity has been related to three disorders that can increase your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, according to research (diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity). Increased exercise may reduce those odds.

How Is Exercise Beneficial?

Your brain's cell structure is kept constant by a protein known as tau. It has been related to dementia and Alzheimer's at higher levels.

According to a Wake Forest University study, aerobic activity, which increases your heart rate and causes you to breathe more quickly, can lower your tau levels.

The study also demonstrated that exercise increases blood flow to regions of the brain associated with processing and memory. That may be beneficial for planning, becoming organised, and maintaining focus.

What to Do First

Your body and mind can benefit from anything you do. You are not required to compete in triathlons or run marathons. Simply increasing your movement will help. You can start with whatever kind of activity you enjoy, like walking, jogging, biking, or swimming. Things like yoga and tai chi are good options, too, because they work your body and relax your mind.

As you age, it’s also important to do toning and stretching. To get stronger and more flexible, you might try:

Squats
Yoga
Modified push-ups (with your knees on the ground)
Pilates

Start with small, easy moves and do more as you’re able.

Avoiding Problem Foods as You Age

Mon, 05 Sep 2022 15:02:45 GMT

Grapefruit

Perhaps surprisingly, diet can impact how well your medication works. In order to avoid any meals, it is always better to consult your doctor or pharmacist. For instance, grapefruit juice may interact with medications you take for high blood pressure, anxiety, or sleeplessness. Don't overlook the potassium and vitamin C that grapefruit contains. Enjoy other citrus fruits instead, such as oranges and limes. But before consuming other juices, read the labelling. Some might have grapefruit juice in them.

Raw Vegetables

If you have sensitive, decayed, or missing teeth, raw vegetables may be high on your list of foods to avoid. But don't miss out on the vitamins and fiber. Instead, try cooking vegetables until they are softer. Or use pureed vegetables -- such as carrots, pumpkins, and beets -- in soups or stews. You can also try canned vegetables. Just look for those with no added salt.

Beans

Some people avoid beans because of the gas and stomach pain they can cause. But if you've banned beans from your diet, you may want to reconsider. An excellent source of fiber, beans are also high in protein and iron and low in fat. The trick is to add beans to your diet slowly. Start by having a small serving a few times a week. Or try using a digestive enzyme that's sold over the counter to reduce gas.

Alcohol

Moderate drinking may reduce your risk of heart attack and some types of strokes. But as you age, alcohol may affect you differently, even if you're used to a glass of wine with dinner or a beer with TV. Alcohol disrupts sleep and can raise your blood pressure, too. Alcohol can also cause hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. It even affects the way medicines work. Talk to your doctor about your alcohol use.

Dairy

You may have trouble digesting milk or dairy products as you age. But you may not have to give up all dairy products and the calcium and protein they provide. Many people can have small amounts of dairy with no stomach upset. And some dairy products are better tolerated than others. Non-fat plain yogurt and low-fat cheeses are especially nutritious choices. Or try lactose-free dairy products.

Caffeine

Although caffeine may not be a problem for everyone, it can make some people feel anxious or jittery. Caffeine can also increase your heart rate and cause sleeping problems. If you're trying to cut back, be sure to taper off slowly. Stopping caffeine too quickly may cause headaches, nausea, or vomiting. Slowly replace caffeinated drinks with water, herbal tea, or decaf.

Meats

Some of the healthiest cuts of meat, such as lean steak, can be the most difficult to chew. While hamburger is much easier on the teeth, it's often a less nutritious choice. It can contain 20% to 30% fat. Instead, look for lean ground beef with no more than 10% fat. Or for a healthier protein source that's easy to chew, try fish.

High-Salt Foods

If you're 51 or over or in a high-risk group, the American Heart Association recommends you watch how much sodium you get. If you're over 51, the recommended limit is 2,300 mg per day. And if you're in a high-risk group, make sure you get no more than 1,500 mg of sodium each day. Too much sodium can raise your blood pressure and put you at higher risk for a heart attack and stroke. The main culprits? Processed foods, such as frozen foods, snack foods, salad dressings, and lunch meats. Read labels carefully and look for "sodium-free," low-salt, or no-salt alternatives.

Cruciferous Vegetables

Do you avoid cruciferous vegetables because of problems with gas? Cruciferous vegetables -- broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, for example -- are high in vitamin C, beta-carotene, fiber, calcium, iron, and folate. Many are also high in vitamin A and vitamin K as well as low in calories. Some studies have shown they may also reduce your cancer risk. Don't avoid these vegetables. Just add them to meals gradually, in smaller servings. Drinking plenty of fluids may help too.

Fruit

Fresh fruits contain an abundance of vitamins, fiber, and other important nutrients. But it may be hard to eat your "apple a day" if you have trouble chewing. Instead, try canned fruits with no added sugar or syrup, or eat softer fruits, such as berries, bananas, and melons. You can also blend your favorites into a fruit smoothie.

Raw Sprouts

Clover, alfalfa, radish, and mung bean sprouts are high in B vitamins and other nutrients. But raw sprouts can also pose a health threat to seniors and anyone with a weakened immune system. Because they are grown in warm, humid conditions, sprouts are more likely to harbor bacteria than other fresh produce. To enjoy sprouts safely, cook them thoroughly before eating.

Healthy Living: 8 Steps to Take Right Now

Wed, 10 Aug 2022 15:31:10 GMT

Scientific Secrets to Healthy Aging

The second half of your life can bring some of your most rewarding decades. You may be more confident than your younger self. You gain wisdom and patience. Sure, your hair sprouts more greys and your face sports more lines. But you can grow older with your body and mind as healthy as they can possibly be.

Here are science-backed secrets to do just that.

Take Stock

Staying on top of your health is much more than getting care when you don’t feel good. See your doctor for regular checkups. (And don’t forget about your dentist and eye doctor .)

These visits can help find problems early or even before they start. The tests you need depend on things like your age, gender, family history , and whether you smoke or exercise.

Your doctor may want to check for these things, among others:

Eat Whole Foods

It’s more a way of eating than a formal diet. You load up on veggies, fruits, whole grains , nuts, and low-fat dairy. You eat less fatty meats, butter, sugar , salt, and packaged foods.
Many studies have found that this diet can help you live longer and protects against heart disease , cancer , Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers believe one way it works is by physically changing parts of your chromosomes linked to age-related diseases.

Walk

Aim for 30 minutes every day. If that’s too much, break it up into shorter strolls. Regular exercise -- especially if you do it briskly enough to feel a little breathless -- delivers huge health benefits. It helps keep brain cells healthy by delivering more blood and oxygen. In fact, research suggests aerobic exercise may delay or improve symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.

It also helps:

Control your weight
Boost your mood
Keep bones and muscles strong
Helps you sleep better
Makes you less likely to get heart disease, type 2 diabetes , high blood pressure, and high cholesterol

Stay Connected

Loneliness is harmful to your health. If you feel lonely -- whether you live alone or with someone, have lots of friends or none -- you are more likely to get dementia or depression . Seniors who report feeling left out and isolated have more trouble with everyday tasks like bathing and climbing stairs. They also die earlier than less lonely folks do. Researchers found that lonely people have higher levels of stress hormones that cause inflammation , or swelling, linked to arthritis and diabetes . Another study found more antibodies to certain herpes viruses in lonely people, a sign of stress in their immune system . So stay connected or make new friends. Do volunteer work or simply help someone in need. Just connect.

Add Fiber

It’s an easy way to eat your way to better health with every meal and snack . Swap out your white bread for whole grain. Add kidney beans to your soup or apple slices to your salad. Fiber fills you up and for longer. It cuts your cholesterol levels and lowers your chance of heart disease, type 2 diabetes , and colon cancer .

It also helps you avoid constipation , which is more common in older adults. After age 50, men should aim for 30 grams of fiber a day and women should get 21 grams a day.

Curb Bad Habits

Tobacco kills. It harms almost every organ in your body. Cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and other products with nicotine cause heart disease, cancer, lung and gum disease, and many other health problems. It’s never too late to quit. Your body begins to heal within 20 minutes of your last cigarette. Your chance of a heart attack goes down right away. In a year, your odds of heart disease drop by half. You’ll also live longer. Ask your doctor for help.

Too much alcohol can harm your liver and cause some kinds of cancer. Men shouldn’t have more than two drinks a day; women should have no more than one. If you drink more than that, talk to your doctor about cutting back.

Try Tai Chi - This gentle Chinese exercise combines slow movements and deep breathing . It’s like meditating while you move. Tai chi may help older people avoid falls, a top cause of injury among seniors. It also can:

Ease stress
Improve balance
Strengthen muscles
Increase flexibility
Lessen arthritis pain

Select Supplements

It’s often better to get your nutrients from food, not a pill. And you usually don’t need special supplements aimed at seniors. After age 50, your body does need more of some vitamins and minerals from foods or supplements than before. They include:

Calcium (to keep bones strong)
Vitamin D (Most people get it from sunlight, but some seniors may not get out enough.)
Vitamin B12 (Older people have trouble absorbing it from foods, so you may need fortified cereals or a supplement.)
Vitamin B6 (It keeps your red blood cells strong to carry oxygen throughout your body.)

Tell your doctor about any supplements you take so you can avoid bad interactions with any medications or treatments.

Stay Optimistic

Life tests us in many ways. Loved ones die, layoffs happen, and health problems can mount. But positive thinking can be a powerful ally. When you choose to be optimistic and grateful, your mind and body respond in kind.

People with a rosier outlook live longer and have fewer heart attacks and depression than more negative people. One study found that thinking positively about getting older can extend lifespan by 7.5 years. And that’s after accounting for things such as gender, wealth, and overall health.

A rosy outlook may help you exercise more and eat better. And that in turn helps you stay hopeful and happy because you feel better. You may hear that called a “virtuous circle.”

If you see the glass half full, it could play an even bigger role in living better and longer than things such as low blood pressure and cholesterol, which have each been shown to increase life span by about 4 years.

You can learn to be optimistic. It just takes time and practice. Things you can do include:

Smile, even fake smile. It can help lower stress.
Reframe. Spin your thoughts to the good things instead of dwelling on the bad.
Keep a gratitude journal.
Do good things for others.
Surround yourself with people who boost your spirits.
Accept things you can’t change.

Stick to Sleep

Insomnia is common in older adults. It’s when you have a harder time falling and staying asleep. It helps to wake and sleep on schedule every day. That can help keep your body clock in sync so you get the sleep you need.

Also try and:

Keep your bedroom dark. Turn off your TV, cell phone, and laptop.
Avoid caffeine or alcohol in the evening.
Don’t nap longer than 20 minutes during the day.
Ask your doctor if any of your meds might be keeping you awake.

Challenge Your Mind

Things like crossword puzzles, Sudoku, chess, or reading are all good for your brain. Keep learning and trying new things to boost your brainpower. It may help lower your chances of Alzheimer’s disease.

Surprising Health Challenges of Ageing

Thu, 14 Jul 2022 16:39:17 GMT

You exercise. You eat right. You’re in pretty good shape for someone your age.

Still, getting older can bring on health problems as our bodies change. Not everyone will get them. But some medical conditions become more common or more serious after we get a few decades under our belts.

Here are some surprising ways that age itself can pose health challenges.

Flu

When you’re over age 65, your immune system isn’t as strong as it used to be. Seniors make up the bulk of the people who die or are hospitalized for flu-related problems. Age raises the chances of serious flu complications like:

Pneumonia
Sepsis (bacterial infection in blood )
Worsening of lung and heart disease

A yearly flu shot is a must. If you’re older than age 65, ask your doctor about the high-dose version, which offers more protection.

Weight Gain

Getting older can be a triple whammy. You lose muscle as you age. That makes it harder to keep the pounds from creeping up. You also become less active. At the same time, your body burns fewer calories for the same physical activities as when you were younger.

You probably know that being overweight or obese raises you chances for many conditions, like heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke. But the extra pounds can pose an even bigger burden for older people. Everyday movements like walking and getting out of chairs get harder. Obesity and arthritis often go together.

So whether you're 50 or 80, ask your doctor about smart ways to fight the weight gain . Every bit helps.

One way is with exercise. Guidelines that call for working out 30-60 minutes a day are fine for younger adults. But that may not be realistic for many older folks. It’s best to work with your doctor to come up with an exercise plan matched to your health and fitness level. Just remember that it's never too late to start! Even simple muscle-toning exercises can help you stay limber and mobile.

Sleep Problems

Kids and adolescents need to sleep longer than young adults do. But in our senior years, we need to go back to the 7 to 9 hours of daily shut-eye as in our teens.

Studies show that most sleep problems are not related to aging. Instead, it can stem from medical or emotional conditions that come on as we get older. Aging also affects our sleep-wake pattern. It makes us sleepier earlier in the evening and wakes us up earlier in the morning. That’s true even if you were a night owl before. If you don’t get enough sleep after age 50, it can make you more likely to have memory problems, pain, depression, and nighttime falls.

Nutrition Problems

Our nutritional needs change as we age. Many of us don't eat as well. Plus, older bodies can more easily lack certain vitamins and nutrients. These include vitamin B12 (we don’t absorb it from foods as well); calcium (we need more as we age); vitamin D (our skin doesn't soak it up as well from the sun); and vitamin B6 (we need it to keep red blood cells healthy and strong).

Usually, all you need is any multivitamin that offers the minimum daily requirement. You also don't need huge doses. In fact, they can be harmful. If you’re taking any prescription medications, let your doctor know which supplements you take so you can avoid any bad interactions.

Fragile Bones

Many seniors fear falling. Advancing years can affect your balance and make you less steady and sure on your feet. Falls can be especially dangerous if you have osteoporosis, when your bones become less dense and more prone to breaks and fractures . Almost everyone gets it to some degree if they live long enough, but women ages 50 and older are twice more likely than their male peers to break a bone because of this “brittle bone disease.”

You can keep your bones stronger if you:

Eat lots of fruits, veggies, and foods high in calcium.
Ask your doctor if you need a vitamin D supplement. Older bodies absorb less of it from the sun.
Lift weights or do exercises that use your own body weight (walking, pushups, squats).
Quit smoking and avoid too much alcohol (more than two or three drinks a day).

Cancer

Did you know that age is the single biggest predictor of your chances of getting cancer ? It jumps up after you hit age 50. Half of all cancers happen in people over age 65. For lung cancer, the median age is 70.

Scientists don’t know exactly why older people are more susceptible to cancer. It could simply be that you’ve been exposed to cancer-causing agents for longer. Or maybe your body is less able to make repairs when cells go haywire.

Still, getting older doesn’t mean you’re destined to get cancer. You can adopt healthy habits proven to help you lower the odds.

Slim down. Obesity is linked to 13 different types of cancer, including breast , colon , and pancreatic cancers.
Cut down on red and processed meat.
Exercise regularly. It helps to not only prevent some cancers, but keep them from coming back.

You should also ask your doctor about these screening exams:

Men over 50:

Colorectal cancer
Prostate cancer
Skin cancer

Women over 50:

Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Cervical cancer
Skin cancer

Depression

It’s not an unavoidable part of getting older. In fact, about 1 in 20 Americans ages 60 and older have depression , the lowest rate of any age group. But many depressed seniors don’t get diagnosed. Older Americans themselves and their doctors may dismiss any symptoms as a natural reaction to illnesses and life’s setbacks.

Many more older Americans may have something called subsyndromal depression. You may feel less pleasure or interest in activities and people as you did before, but you don’t have full-blown symptoms for major depression .

You’re more likely to be depressed if you have long-term health issues like heart disease or arthritis that put limits on your life. People who need home health care are more likely to have the condition compared with other older adults.

If you feel this way for a few weeks or months, talk to your doctor. Simple lifestyle or diet changes -- and sometimes medication -- may be all you need to regain your enthusiasm for life.

Medication and psychotherapy , also called talk therapy , can also treat it. Loneliness can lead to depression. So seek ways to connect with others. Talk to friends and family. Join a class or a group. Do volunteer work. Find whatever ways to enrich your body and spirit.

Memory Loss

Some memory loss happens as we age. The aging brain stores information in a slightly different way, so it’s harder for you to recall recent events. So no need to worry if you find yourself stumped for a name or forget where you put the car keys.

But what’s not normal is if you can’t remember simple things like how to follow directions or recipes or forget the way to your home. That could be a sign of a more serious memory loss caused by a medical condition like dementia or Alzheimer's disease. If so, your memory likely will get worse over time.

Alcohol Tolerance Changes

Everyone has a different limit for booze. Some can have one or two drinks daily without problems, while others can’t sip a single glass without harm.

Still, alcohol tolerance usually moves in opposite direction of your age. That means you'll feel the effects like slower reaction time sooner and with fewer sips than when you were younger.

If you have more than one drink every day, it’s a good idea to let your doctor know. It’s an important part of your health record and could affect any medical treatments.

4 Important Reasons Why You Should Stretch in Later Years

Sat, 11 Jun 2022 10:42:35 GMT

We believe that everyone is aware of the significance of engaging in regular resistance (weight) training and cardiorespiratory exercise throughout their lifetime. That doing so will lower our risk of developing cardiovascular disease, malignancies based on hormones, some musculoskeletal diseases, and provide us more energy and the capacity to go and do.

There are also undoubtedly "other" related psychological and emotional advantages. Simply said, the human body requires exercise to function correctly.

However, if those over 60 actually need to stretch, this question comes up frequently. Do I need to stretch all of my major muscle groups, or how should I stretch now that I'm older? are common questions they ask.

The Principles of Stretching

To properly address the reasons for stretching throughout the entire lifespan, we need to understand some important related stretching principles.

Static Stretching

Stretching can be done in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons. Static stretching is used to lengthen the muscle over time (called elongation) for enhanced flexibility and joint range of motion. It involves slowly moving into the stretch position and holding the position for 10 to 30 seconds.

Dynamic Stretching

In order to get the body muscles ready for more action, dynamic stretching—in which you move your limbs back and forth rhythmically over the range of motion—is preferable. In order to improve athletic performance and lower the chance of injury, this kind of stretching is suitable for pre-game warm-up.

However, dynamic stretching can also be used as a good “warm up” for static stretching because the movement of the limbs generates heat as a byproduct of muscle contraction, warming the muscles, making them more pliable and ready to be elongated.

What to Stretch

You need not stretch all major muscle groups, only those that, if they lose flexibility, place you at risk for certain pathological musculoskeletal conditions or are associated with increased pain.

Four Important Reasons Why We Really Should Stretch in Our Later Years

To Maintain Mobility

Our ability to move less as we age is the main factor in why we lose our flexibility and subsequently our mobility. Because our body's capacity to produce ATP (the energy currency) declines with age, older people tyre more easily.

This all too frequently results in decreased mobility and activity, and we greatly restrict the range of motion in our limbs. It is not the result of age-related physiological changes in our muscles.

More mobility enables us to participate in a larger range of activities. To a large extent, as long as we preserve our mobility, the activities we have always enjoyed should still be accessible to us.

To Reduce Joint and Muscle/Fascial Pain

The muscles that cross over and operate on our joints allow us to move them. These muscles cross the joints on all sides, and the strength of the muscles on the opposing sides of the joint must be properly balanced. The agonist-antagonist muscle strength ratio is used to describe this.

The muscles cooperate to preserve the joint's stability and the typical, appropriately balanced forces that exist on the articulating surfaces of the bones that make up the joint when this ideal ratio is present.

Loss of this ratio results in aberrant pressures being applied to particular cartilage-covered joint surfaces, which causes pain. Additionally, it may trigger or hasten the cartilage degradation that leads to the onset or worsening of arthritis.

Further, the fascia that surrounds muscles or are part of a joint’s soft tissue structure, become shortened. Consequently, if a person with this condition does move through a greater range of motion than that which they have become accustomed, this stretches the fascia and causes pain. And, of course, the pain causes most folks to avoid that movement, and the cycle continues.

Reduce the Risk of Associated Musculoskeletal Issues

Let's examine a few of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions and potential complications that people may have as a result of decreasing flexibility in particular muscle groups.

A Kyphotic Posture with Associated Rounded Shoulders and a Forward Head

The likelihood of shoulder rotator cuff impingement and tendinitis, both of which are unpleasant and may significantly impair use, increases in this poor posture position. Pectorals, scapular elevators, and suboccipital muscle group are tight.

A Lordotic Posture with Anterior Pelvic Tilt and Increased Low Back Curvature

This poor posture position increases the risk of developing low back pain. Tight muscles: hip flexors, low back extensors.

Tight Hamstring Muscles

Because these muscles if tight, reduce the amount of hip flexion that can occur, and if a person is bending a lot at the hip, then more than is normal range of motion must occur at the low back instead at the hip and can compromise normal movement.

Tight Calves

When we sleep, our ankles naturally move into a plantarflexed position, or the foot drops downward. This increases the likelihood that the calf muscles become tight , and this is one of the major causes of why a person may develop plantar fasciitis .

To Reduce the Risk of Falls

If our joints become restricted in their ability to move freely through a normal or good range of motion, then our ability to react to an event that produces a loss of balance could be impaired, and a fall might be the consequence. To us in the 60+ age category, we are especially at risk for fracture to our femur bone (hip fracture) and the consequences of this traumatic injury.

A Few Concluding Comments Specific to Stretching

Always perform a general warm-up prior to stretching, especially of the muscles you plan to stretch. Contracting those muscles as part of the warm-up (see information on dynamic stretching in the early part of this article) will produce heat and better prepare them to be stretched.
Stretch a muscle or muscle group only to the point of discomfort, not pain.
Hold each new stretch position (gradually moving further through the range of motion with each succeeding set) for between 10 and 30 seconds.
Try to stretch at least two non-consecutive days per week, with three or more days of stretching helping you arrive at your range of motion goal sooner.

4 Protein Tips For Healthy Muscle Mass

Fri, 20 May 2022 13:37:23 GMT

You've probably heard that as you become older, it's crucial to maintain and add muscle mass

We are here to remind you once again in case it hasn't already. If you want to age gracefully, stay independent, and retain your quality of life, preserving your muscle mass is essential!

A thorough assessment found that muscle mass declines 3-8% every decade after age 30 and continues to do so considerably more quickly around age 60.

Your level of muscle mass is influenced by a variety of elements, but one trick to keeping it up is to maximise your body's protein absorption! Fortunately, you have complete control over this, and by adopting the following lifestyle habits that put an emphasis on maximising your protein consumption, you will be well on your way to gaining more muscle mass, increasing your strength, and improving your functionality.

To increase your protein usage, continuously adhere to these 4 guidelines:

Every day, consume AT LEAST 0.5 grams of protein per pound of bodyweight.

According to studies, muscle protein synthesis declines with ageing, necessitating a larger protein intake to promote muscular growth as you age. In order to maintain and restore lean body mass and function, adults over 65 should take at least 1.0–1.2 grammes of protein per kilogramme of bodyweight each day, following the PROT-AGE study.

For those of us who use the Imperial system, multiplying your body weight in pounds by two will give you the number of grammes of protein you should aim for each day. If you weigh 150 pounds, for instance, try to have at least 75 grammes of protein per day!

Aim for 25-30 Grams of Protein Per Meal

The PROT-AGE Study found that older persons require more protein at each meal to effectively promote muscle growth. Older persons need at least 25 to 30 grammes of protein per meal to promote muscle growth, compared to younger people who may only need 20 grammes.

Aim for 2-3 meals each day with 25–30 grammes of protein at each meal in order to get the recommended quantity of protein from tip #1. Add in 1 or 2 high protein snacks as well if this does not satisfy your protein needs depending on your weight, if you are fragile, losing muscle, or struggling to grow muscle.

Choose Sources of Highly “Useable” Protein

While a lot of plant-based foods do provide a moderate quantity of protein, meat almost always has a greater protein content and fewer calories from fats and carbohydrates.

Great sources of protein include eggs, poultry, fish, turkey, and lean cuts of beef. Consider taking a digestive enzyme supplement with meals that contain any animal protein if you have problems with digestion or absorption.

If a meal made of whole foods is not available, protein powder is another practical source of protein. If you are certain that you can tolerate dairy, use a whey protein concentrate as it has been demonstrated to increase muscle synthesis more effectively than casein (consider a goat whey supplement like Naked Goat which may be even easier to digest). Otherwise, pick a rice, pea, or hemp-based organic plant protein.

Increase Protein Consumption Around Exercise

The proverb "If you don't utilise it, you lose it" is definitely true when it comes to your muscles. According to study findings, resistance training can reverse muscle loss and low muscle protein synthesis in older persons just as well as it can in younger ones.

Aim to eat at least 20 grammes of protein and at least 15 grammes of carbohydrates within an hour of finishing your workout to get the best effects. Choose a protein shake and a piece of fruit instead of a complete meal at this time.

When you were in your 20s, 30s, or even 40s, maintaining a strong and healthy physique may not have required much effort. At that age, muscle mass development and maintenance are significantly simpler. But if you're a woman over 60, you now need to actively work on keeping a sufficient amount of muscle mass.

Although it's never too late to start, the greatest time to start putting these principles into practise daily is RIGHT NOW if you still feel strong and healthy.

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Severe Dehydration Symptoms and How to Avoid Them

Humans need to drink enough water to stay hydrated.

Severe Dehydration Causes.

There are several causes of dehydration that can diminish fluid levels in the body:

Symptoms of Severe Dehydration

Complications of Severe Dehydration

Treatment Options

Dehydration Prevention Tips

Ideas For Healthy Meals For Elderly Who Have Lost Their Appetite

Why Do Seniors Lose Their Appetite?

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Consider A Meal Service

Hot Weather Safety for Older Adults

What raises the risk of heat-related illnesses for older adults?

Tips to stay safe in hot weather

Key points to remember about hot weather safety

8 Surprising Health Benefits of Laughter for Seniors

Different Ways to Get Your Laughter In

Spend time with family and friends

Watch a comedy

Try laughter exercises

Paying for homecare - All you need to know

Care services at home aren’t usually free. How much you need to pay for homecare depends on a number of factors, including your income and savings. Find out how to arrange homecare, how much you may have to pay, and what financial support is available.

5 methods to lower your risk of diabetes

We are more susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes as we age. There are already 1 in 7 elderly persons who have diabetes, and this figure is expected to climb.

What is the flu and the jab?

Getting your flu vaccination is a very important way to help protect your health during the winter – and if you're 65 or over you can get it for free.

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What is the flu?

What are the symptoms of the flu?

How can I treat the flu?

How can I stop myself catching the flu?

Who can get the free flu jab?

When should I have the flu jab?

Where can I get my flu jab?

Do I need to get my coronavirus booster and my flu jab?

Keeping warm and well in colder months

Being warm throughout the winter is especially crucial as we age because our bodies change and we become more susceptible to the effects of cold weather and winter pests. Fortunately, there are steps you may do to ensure your health and warmth.

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Keep moving

Eat well

Get your winter vaccinations

Make sure your home is warm enough

Stop the spread of germs

Wrap up well

Stay stocked up

Be aware of your heart and circulation

Take extra care when out and about

Looking after your thinking skills

We all want to stay healthy and active in later life, so we must keep fit mentally as well as physically. Increasingly, we’re learning what we can do to keep our thinking skills sharp as we age.

What does the science say about protecting your thinking skills?

Why small changes can make a big difference

What can you do to stay sharp?

1. Keep active

2. Don’t smoke

3. Have regular check-ups

4. Eat a healthy diet

5. Maintain a healthy weight

6. Take up a new activity

7. Look after your sleep

8. Learn another language

Top tips for a more comfortable home

It is helpful to know what kinds of adjustments you could make to your home, whether you need to do so right now or are just planning forward. It must function for you because, after all, it is your home.

Should my parent be living alone with dementia?

Can my parent live alone with Dementia? Do we need Home Care?

How to make a home dementia friendly

What pension options do I have?

Following your retirement, you must make a decision about the use of the funds you contributed to a defined contribution pension plan during your working years.

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How can I use my pension pot?

Everything you need to know about making a will

The only way to ensure that your investments, money, and other assets—collectively referred to as your estate—go to the people and causes you value most is to create a will.

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The Pleasure of Growing Older: Why and How to Accept the Process

Growing older is a linear process, but ageing is not; you may make the most of your "golden years" if you adopt healthy habits and have the correct mindset.

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This is why it’s so important that we help to switch this narrative and remind people that getting older is an amazing thing!